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| code | name_en | population | region | name_alt | dialects | language_use | development | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bte | Gamo-Ningi | Extinct. Ethnic population: 15,000 (1992 Crozier and Blench). | Bauchi State, Ningi LGA. | Gamo (Buta, Mbuta, Mbotu, Ba-Buche, Ba-Mbutu), Ningi. Formerly a dialect cluster. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Hausa. | Bible: 1998. | Bible: 1998. | |
| btf | Birgit | 10,398 (2000 WCD). | Southeast, Salamat Prefecture, Abou Déïa and Am Timan subprefectures, and Ouaddaï Prefecture, Am Dam Subprefecture. South of the Mubi, centered in Abgué. | Abgue, Eastern Birgit, Duguri, Agrab. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Hausa. | Bible: 1998. | Bible: 1998. | |
| btg | Bété, Gagnoa | 150,000 (1989 SIL). | Gagnoa Subprefecture. | Nekedi, Zadie, Niabre, Kpakolo, Zebie, Guebie, Gbadi (Gbadie, Badie). | Members of the ethnic group now speak Hausa. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| bth | Biatah | 8,484 in Indonesia (2000 WCD). | Northwest Kalimantan, on Sarawak border. Mainly in Sarawak. | Siburan, Stang (Sitaang, Bisitaang), Tibia. Speakers cannot understand Bukar Sadong, Silakau, or Bidayuh from Indonesia. Lexical similarity 71% with Singgi. | Siburan is the prestige dialect. | Literacy rate in second language: 45%. Radio programs. NT: 1963–2003. | Literacy rate in second language: 45%. Radio programs. NT: 1963–2003. | |
| bti | Burate | 100 (2000 Wurm). | Near mouth of the Wapoga River, Yapen Waropen Kabupaten, Waropen Bawah Kecamatan, 1 village. | Lexical similarity 69% with Demisa, 75% with Tunggare. | Siburan is the prestige dialect. | Literacy rate in second language: 45%. Radio programs. NT: 1963–2003. | Literacy rate in second language: 45%. Radio programs. NT: 1963–2003. | |
| btj | Malay, Bacanese | 2,500 (1991 H. Shelden SIL). Over 1,000 in Labuha (1987 J. Collins). | North Maluku, Bacan Island west of southern Halmahera. Centered around the site of the former palace in Labuha, 1 village within about 5 km walking distance from Labuha, another hour by dugout (Indomut), and half the population of Waya and Lele villages on Mandioli Island. | Lexical similarity 69% with Demisa, 75% with Tunggare. | No second-language speakers of Bacanese Malay. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| btl | Bhatola | 5,045 (2000 WCD). | Madhya Pradesh. | Lexical similarity 69% with Demisa, 75% with Tunggare. | No second-language speakers of Bacanese Malay. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| btm | Batak Mandailing | 400,000 (1989). | Northern. | Lexical similarity 69% with Demisa, 75% with Tunggare. | Sociolinguistically different from Angkola. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| btn | Ratagnon | 2 to 3 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 2,000 (1997 SIL). | Southern tip of western Mindoro. | Ratagnon, Santa Teresa. Close to Cuyonon. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| bto | Bicolano, Iriga | 234,361 (2000). | Iriga City, Baao, Nabua, Bato, Camarines Sur, Luzon. | Ratagnon, Santa Teresa. Close to Cuyonon. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| btq | Batek | 700 (2000 D. Bradley). Ethnic population: 700 (2000 D. Bradley). | Northern Pahang, Kelantan, Trengganu. | Batek Teq (Teq), Batek De' (Deq), Batek Iga, Batek Nong (Nong). Deq and Nong may be separate languages. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| bts | Batak Simalungun | 1,200,000 (2000). | Northern, northeast of Lake Toba. | Batek Teq (Teq), Batek De' (Deq), Batek Iga, Batek Nong (Nong). Deq and Nong may be separate languages. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | Bible: 1976. | Bible: 1976. | |
| btt | Bete-Bendi | 36,800 (1963). | Cross River State, Obudu LGA. | Bete (Bette, Mbete), Bendi. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | NT: 1982. | NT: 1982. | |
| btu | Batu | 25,000. | Taraba State, Sardauna LGA, several villages east of Baissa, below the Mambila escarpment. | Amanda-Afi, Angwe, Kamino. A language cluster. | Speakers are shifting to Tagalog. No children speak Ratagnon. Negative language attitude. | NT: 1982. | NT: 1982. | |
| btv | Bateri | 800 in India. 200 families. | Jammu and Kashmir, near Srinagar. | Closer to Indus Kohistani than to Shina, but distinct from both. Lexical similarity 58% to 61% with Indus Kohistani, 60% with Gowro, 54% with Chilisso, 29% with Shina and Torwali, 27% with Kalami. | Vigorous. Speakers also use Pashto or Shina. | NT: 1982. | NT: 1982. | |
| btw | Butuanon | 34,547 (1990 census). | Butuan City, Mindanao. | Lexical similarity 70% with Kamayo; 69% with Surigaonon. | Speakers also use Cebuano. | NT: 1982. | NT: 1982. | |
| btx | Batak Karo | 600,000 (1991 UBS). | Central and northern, west and northwest of Lake Toba. | Singkil. | Speakers also use Cebuano. | Grammar. Bible: 1987–1995. | Grammar. Bible: 1987–1995. | |
| bty | Bobot | 4,500 (1989 SIL). | Southeast Seram, Werinama District, from the village of Atiahu to Kota Baru, and Tunsai village in the Liana area, central Maluku. | Lexical similarity 44% with Sepa and Teluti, 42% with Atamanu. | Speakers also use Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| btz | Batak Alas-Kluet | 80,000 (1989). | Northern, northeast of Tapaktuan and around Kutacane. | Alas. | Speakers also use Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bub | Bua | 7,708 (1993 census). | South, Moyen-Chari Prefecture, Sarh Subprefecture, around and to the northeast of Korbol; Guéra Prefecture, Melfi Subprefecture. | A separate language from Niellim, Fania, Tounia, and Day. 'Mana', or 'Kobe' may be an alternate name or dialect. | Most speakers have low proficiency in Arabic. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| buc | Bushi | 39,000 (2001). | South, Moyen-Chari Prefecture, Sarh Subprefecture, around and to the northeast of Korbol; Guéra Prefecture, Melfi Subprefecture. | Kibushi-Kimaore, Kiantalaotse. | Most speakers have low proficiency in Arabic. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bue | Beothuk | Extinct. | Newfoundland. | The theory that it was an Algonquian language is not accepted by all Algonquianists. | Became extinct in 1829. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bug | Bugis | 3,500,000 in Indonesia (1991 SIL). | South Sulawesi, 3.5' to 5' South, other areas of the coastal swamp such as Bulukumba, Luwu, Polewali in Polmas, Pasangkayu in Mamuju districts. On the western coast of southeast Sulawesi in Kolaka, Wundulako, Rumbia, and Poleang districts. Also in major towns of Sulawesi. Large enclaves also in other provinces of Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, and Sumatra. Also spoken in Malaysia (Sabah). | Bone (Palakka, Dua Boccoe, Mare), Pangkep (Pangkajene), Camba, Sidrap (Sidenrang, Pinrang Utara, Alitta), Pasangkayu (Ugi Riawa), Sinjai (Enna, Palattae, Bulukumba), Soppeng (Kessi), Wajo, Barru (Pare-Pare, Nepo, Soppeng Riaja, Tompo, Tanete), Sawitto (Pinrang), Luwu (Luwu', Bua Ponrang, Wara, Malangke-Ussu). The Bone or Soppeng dialects are central. | Vigorous. 500,000 second-language speakers. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | |
| buh | Bunu, Younuo | 9,716 (1995 McConnell). | Northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Xing'an and Longsheng counties. | Bone (Palakka, Dua Boccoe, Mare), Pangkep (Pangkajene), Camba, Sidrap (Sidenrang, Pinrang Utara, Alitta), Pasangkayu (Ugi Riawa), Sinjai (Enna, Palattae, Bulukumba), Soppeng (Kessi), Wajo, Barru (Pare-Pare, Nepo, Soppeng Riaja, Tompo, Tanete), Sawitto (Pinrang), Luwu (Luwu', Bua Ponrang, Wara, Malangke-Ussu). The Bone or Soppeng dialects are central. | Speakers also use Zhuang or Mandarin. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | |
| buj | Basa-Gurmana | 2,000 (1987 Blench). | Niger State, border of Rafi and Chanchaga LGAs, Kafin Gurmana. | Bone (Palakka, Dua Boccoe, Mare), Pangkep (Pangkajene), Camba, Sidrap (Sidenrang, Pinrang Utara, Alitta), Pasangkayu (Ugi Riawa), Sinjai (Enna, Palattae, Bulukumba), Soppeng (Kessi), Wajo, Barru (Pare-Pare, Nepo, Soppeng Riaja, Tompo, Tanete), Sawitto (Pinrang), Luwu (Luwu', Bua Ponrang, Wara, Malangke-Ussu). The Bone or Soppeng dialects are central. | Speakers also use Zhuang or Mandarin. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | Bugis Lontara syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1900–1997. | |
| bul | Bulgarian | 300,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes refugees from Bulgaria. | Scattered in Edirne and other western provinces. | Pomak. | Spoken by Muslim Pomaks in Turkey and Greece. 93% bilingual in Turkish. | Grammar. Bible: 1864–1923. | Grammar. Bible: 1864–1923. | |
| bun | Sherbro | 135,000 (1989 Kaiser). | Southern Province adjoining the Western Area; York District on western peninsula, Ribbi Shenge, Dima, Sicie, Timdel, Benducha, Nongoba. | Shenge Sherbro, Sitia Sherbro, Ndema Sherbro, Peninsula Sherbro. Not intelligible with Krim or Bullom So. Shenge is the prestige dialect. Lexical similarity 66% to 69% with Bullom So, 44% to 45% with Krim, 83% to 89% among dialects. | Spoken by Muslim Pomaks in Turkey and Greece. 93% bilingual in Turkish. | Grammar. Bible: 1864–1923. | Grammar. Bible: 1864–1923. | |
| buo | Terei | 26,500 (2003 SIL). | Southern Bougainville Province, Buin District. | Closest to Uisai. | Spoken by Muslim Pomaks in Turkey and Greece. 93% bilingual in Turkish. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | |
| bup | Busoa | 500 (1991 SIL). | Southeast Sulawesi, Batauga Subdistrict, southwest coast of Buton Island, south of the Katobengke-Topa-Sulaa-Lawela area. | Kambe-Kambero shares some innovations with Kaimbulawa and may not be a Busoa dialect. Lexical similarity 84% with Kambe-Kambero, 70% to 79% with Muna dialects, 71% with Muna, 76% with Lantoi. | Spoken by Muslim Pomaks in Turkey and Greece. 93% bilingual in Turkish. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | |
| buq | Brem | 1,190 (2003 SIL). | Madang Province, including Bunabun village. | Kambe-Kambero shares some innovations with Kaimbulawa and may not be a Busoa dialect. Lexical similarity 84% with Kambe-Kambero, 70% to 79% with Muna dialects, 71% with Muna, 76% with Lantoi. | Spoken by Muslim Pomaks in Turkey and Greece. 93% bilingual in Turkish. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Bible portions: 1973–1978. | |
| bus | Bokobaru | 30,000 (1997 Jones). Population includes 6,000 in Kaiama, 24,000 in other villages. | Kwara State, primarily Kaiama LGA, some in Baruten LGA. 35 villages. | Kaiama, Village Bokobaru. Speakers of Kaiama and dialect in other villages have good inherent intelligibility of each other's dialects. The Bokobaru variety is distinct enough to require separate literature from Boko of Benin. The Busa variety of Nigeria may also require separate literature. Lexical similarity 86% with Boko, 91% with Busa, 53% with Kyenga, 50% with Bissa of Burkina Faso and Ghana. | Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for English: 0 80%, 1 10%, 2 4%, 3 3%, 4 2%, 5 1%. Some speakers use Hausa, Yoruba, English, Baatonum, Fulfulde as second languages to speakers from those groups. Some use Hausa among themselves. | Literacy rate in second language: 10%. High motivation for literacy. Adult literacy program. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1972–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 10%. High motivation for literacy. Adult literacy program. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1972–1998. | |
| but | Bungain | 3,597 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province. Yaugiba is one village. | Kaiama, Village Bokobaru. Speakers of Kaiama and dialect in other villages have good inherent intelligibility of each other's dialects. The Bokobaru variety is distinct enough to require separate literature from Boko of Benin. The Busa variety of Nigeria may also require separate literature. Lexical similarity 86% with Boko, 91% with Busa, 53% with Kyenga, 50% with Bissa of Burkina Faso and Ghana. | Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for English: 0 80%, 1 10%, 2 4%, 3 3%, 4 2%, 5 1%. Some speakers use Hausa, Yoruba, English, Baatonum, Fulfulde as second languages to speakers from those groups. Some use Hausa among themselves. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| buv | Bun | 481 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province. | Related to Changriwa, Mekmek, Biwat, Kyenele. | Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for English: 0 80%, 1 10%, 2 4%, 3 3%, 4 2%, 5 1%. Some speakers use Hausa, Yoruba, English, Baatonum, Fulfulde as second languages to speakers from those groups. Some use Hausa among themselves. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| bux | Boghom | 50,000 (1973 SIL). | Plateau State, Kanam, Wase, and Shendam LGAs. | Related to Mangas. | Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for English: 0 80%, 1 10%, 2 4%, 3 3%, 4 2%, 5 1%. Some speakers use Hausa, Yoruba, English, Baatonum, Fulfulde as second languages to speakers from those groups. Some use Hausa among themselves. | Bible portions: 1955. | Bible portions: 1955. | |
| buy | Bullom So | Few speakers in Guinea (2001). | Along the coast from the Guinea border to the Sierra Leone border. | Mmani, Kafu. Bom is closely related. Little intelligibility of Sherbro, none of Krim. Bom has 66% to 69% lexical similarity with Sherbro dialects, 34% with Krim. | All speakers are older adults. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| buz | Bukwen | 1,000. | Taraba State, near Takum, 1 village. | Mmani, Kafu. Bom is closely related. Little intelligibility of Sherbro, none of Krim. Bom has 66% to 69% lexical similarity with Sherbro dialects, 34% with Krim. | All speakers are older adults. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| bva | Barein | 4,100 (1993 census). | South central, north Guéra Prefecture, Melfi Subprefecture, west (Jalkia), south, southwest (Komi), and east (Sakaya) of Melfi. | Jalkia, Guilia, Sakaya (Dagne, Jelkin), Komi. Lexical similarity 92% between Jalkia and Guilia, 70% between Sakaya and both Jalkia and Guilia. | Speakers also use Chadian Arabic. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| bve | Malay, Berau | 20,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | East central coastal area, Tanjungreder and Muaramalinau in the north to Sepinang in the south. | Jalkia, Guilia, Sakaya (Dagne, Jelkin), Komi. Lexical similarity 92% between Jalkia and Guilia, 70% between Sakaya and both Jalkia and Guilia. | Speakers also use Chadian Arabic. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| bvf | Boor | 100 (1999 SIL). | South, Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture, Bousso Subprefecture, and Moyen-Chari Prefecture, Sarh Rural Subprefecture, in and around Dumraw (Bwara) village on the north bank of the Chari River, just east of Miltu. | Some have classified it as a dialect of Miltu. Lexical similarity 36% with Miltu (closest). | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| bvh | Bure | 500. | Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, one village southeast of Darazo town. | Some have classified it as a dialect of Miltu. Lexical similarity 36% with Miltu (closest). | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Bible portions: 1816. | Bible portions: 1816. | |
| bvj | Baan | 5,000 (1990). | Rivers State, Gokana, Tai, and Eleme LGAs, Ban-Ogoi plus villages. | Ka-Ban, Kesari. | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| bvk | Bukat | 400 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | North central near Sarawak border, Kapuas River, southeast of Mendalam, 3 areas. | Ka-Ban, Kesari. | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| bvl | Bolivian Sign Language | 350 to 400 (1988 E. Powlison). | Cochabamba, La Paz, Riberalta, Santa Cruz. | Based on American Sign Language with necessary changes for Spanish spelling. Some groups in La Paz and Santa Cruz use the same signs with some dialect signs from their own areas. | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| bvn | Buna | 750 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, Angoram District. | Kasmin, Masan. Apparently 2 dialects: 1 in Kasmin, Boig, Waskurin, and Arapang villages, and 1 in Masan, Mangan, and Garien villages. | There may be a high degree of bilingualism in Bagirmi. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| bvo | Bolgo | 1,800 (1993 census). | South central, Guéra Prefecture, Melfi Subprefecture, east of the Barain, southeast of Melfi. | Bolgo Dugag (Small Bolgo), Bolgo Kubar (Big Bolgo). Lexical similarity 68% between the two dialects and between Bolgo Dugag and a form of Koke spoken in Daguéla. | Vigorous. Most use Chadian Arabic as second language. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| bvq | Birri | 200 (1996). Ethnic population: 5,000 in Central African Republic. Extinct in Sudan (1993). | Scattered throughout southwestern corner of Central African Republic, and formerly in Deim Zubeir, Bahr el Ghazal Province, Sudan. | Mboto, Munga. Only one dialect spoken in Central African Republic. | Speakers also use Zande. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| bvr | Burarra | 400 to 600 (1990 Schmidt). | Maningrida, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. | Gunardba (Gun-nartpa) is a related language which may be extinct, or may be an alternate name. | Speakers also use Zande. | Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1991. | Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1991. | |
| bvs | Belgian Sign Language | No estimate available. | Maningrida, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. | North Belgium Sign Language, South Belgium Sign Language. A variety of regional dialects which have their roots in different deaf schools. The dialect in the Flemish region is closer to that in the Walloon region than it is to Dutch Sign Language. Adopted signs from the old French sign language directly and indirectly. It began in 1825. Different sign languages are used in the classroom and by adults outside the classroom. | 3 deaf schools in Brussels have trained about 30% of the deaf in Belgium. There are 26 deaf institutions. Sign language interpreters are required in court. There is sign language instruction for parents of deaf children. There is a committee on national sign language. Little research on the language. There have been schools for deaf people since 1825. Limited influence from Signed Dutch and Signed French, which are used some for intercommunication with hearing people. | Films. TV. Videos. Dictionary. | Films. TV. Videos. Dictionary. | |
| bvt | Bati | 3,500 (1989 Loski). | Eastern Seram Island along the coast between Kian Darat and Keleser, and in the interior. | Related to Geser and Watubela. | Strong separation of ethnolinguistic identity with Geser. Many claim to be bilingual in Geser. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bvu | Malay, Bukit | 50,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Southeastern, Sampanahan River, northwest of Limbungan. | Related to Geser and Watubela. | Strong separation of ethnolinguistic identity with Geser. Many claim to be bilingual in Geser. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bvv | Baniva | Extinct. | Colombian border area. | Baniva, Quirruba. | Strong separation of ethnolinguistic identity with Geser. Many claim to be bilingual in Geser. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bvw | Boga | 10,000 (1990 Blench). | Adamawa State, Gombi LGA. | Baniva, Quirruba. | Strong separation of ethnolinguistic identity with Geser. Many claim to be bilingual in Geser. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| bvz | Bauzi | 1,500 (1991 SIL). 1,350 monolinguals. | Around Lake Holmes near the mid-Mamberamo River, Danau Bira area, northeast, Kasonoweja north of Kustera. Jayapura and Yapen Waropen kabupatens, Mamberamo Tengah and Waropen Atas kecamatans; Vakiadi, Noiadi, Danau Bira, Solom, Kustera, Neao, Itaba villages. | Gesda Dae, Neao, Aumenefa. | Vigorous. Some Aliki speak Bauzi because of intermarriage and trading. All domains. Oral and written use in religious services, local commerce. Oral literature. Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for Eritai: 0 90%, 1 5%, 2 5%, 3 0%, 4 0%, 5 0%. 10% are bilingual with Aliki, 2% can speak some Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 25%. 230 can read and write it. Bible portions: 1985–1994. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 25%. 230 can read and write it. Bible portions: 1985–1994. | |
| bwe | Karen, Bwe | 15,700 (1983). | Kyèbogyi area of Kayah State. A few in Thailand. | Gesda Dae, Neao, Aumenefa. | Vigorous. Some Aliki speak Bauzi because of intermarriage and trading. All domains. Oral and written use in religious services, local commerce. Oral literature. Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for Eritai: 0 90%, 1 5%, 2 5%, 3 0%, 4 0%, 5 0%. 10% are bilingual with Aliki, 2% can speak some Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Bible portions: 1857–1862. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Bible portions: 1857–1862. | |
| bwh | Bishuo | 1 (1986 R. Breton). | North West Province, Menchum Division, Furu-Awa Subdivision, Ntjieka, Furu-Turuwa, and Furu-Sambari villages. | Reported to be in Furu cluster (2000 B. Connell). May be Jukunoid. Lexical similarity 16% to 17% with Nsaa and Noone, 11% with Bikya. | The speaker is older than 60 years (1986 R. Breton). | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Bible portions: 1857–1862. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Bible portions: 1857–1862. | |
| bwi | Baniwa | 433 in Venezuela (2002 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,150 (2002 SIL). | Amazonas, between the Curipaco and the Guarequena, along the Colombian border. | Hohodené (Hohodena, Kadaupuritana), Siusy-Tapuya (Seuci, Siuci, Siusi). Related to Carutana and Curripaco. Several groups on the middle Içana and Ayarí rivers who speak Baniwa: Hohodené, Kadaupuritana, Sucuriyu-Tapuya, Siusy-Tapuya, Irá-Tapuya, Kawá-Tapuya, Waliperedakenai (Ribeiro 1967). | Nearly all speakers also use Spanish. | NT: 1965–1985. | NT: 1965–1985. | |
| bwj | Bwamu, Láá Láá | 69,210 (2000 WCD). | Tuy and Les Balés provinces, in and around the villages of Bagassi, Pâ, and Boni. | Close to Ouarkoye dialect of Buamu and Bwamu Twi. Speakers unable to use other Bwamu dialects for literature. | Used in the home. All ages. Speakers over 7 years old can speak some Jula as second language for trade, government services, and common topics with those from other ethnic groups; French for government services. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | |
| bwk | Bauwaki | 398 (1980 census). | Most are at Amau (Mori River), Central Province, extending into Oro Province. | Dutton says this is a bridge language between the Mailuan and Yareban families. Lexical similarity 66% with Abia (closest), 39% with Domu. | 85% to 100% of speakers also use Magi, Suau, Motu, or English. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | |
| bwm | Biwat | 3,042 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, lower and middle Yuat River. | Related to Kyenele, Changriwa, Mekmek, Kyenele, Bun. | 85% to 100% of speakers also use Magi, Suau, Motu, or English. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | |
| bwn | Bunu, Wunai | 18,442 (1995 McConnell). | Western Hunan Province, Longhui, Xupu, Tongdao, Chenxi, Dongkou, Cengbu, and Xinning counties. | Related to Kyenele, Changriwa, Mekmek, Kyenele, Bun. | Speakers also use Zhuang, Chinese. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of Ouarkoye Buamu. Literacy rate in second language: 1% to 2% are fluent readers of French or Jula. Literacy program. Grammar. Bible portions: 1977–1995. | |
| bwo | Boro | 19,878 (1998 census). Population includes 144 Gamila; 2,276 second-language speakers including 45 Gamila; 18,567 monolinguals including 77 Gamila. Ethnic population: 32,894 including 186 Gamila (1998 census). | Southwest Amhara Region, near the Blue Nile River. | Amuru, Wembera, Gamila, Guba. Related to Kafa. Scattered dialect groups. Lexical similarity 46% with Shekkacho. | Speakers also use Amharic or Oromo. | Literacy rate in second language: 25.1%. | Literacy rate in second language: 25.1%. | |
| bwp | Mandobo Bawah | 2,000 (2002 SIL). | Border area near Fly River on east side of Digul River between Tanahmerah and Mindiptanah, villages of Getentiri, Anggai, Butiptiri, Subur, Aiwat, Kaisah. | Amuru, Wembera, Gamila, Guba. Related to Kafa. Scattered dialect groups. Lexical similarity 46% with Shekkacho. | Speakers also use Amharic or Oromo. | Literacy rate in second language: 25.1%. | Literacy rate in second language: 25.1%. | |
| bwq | Bobo Madaré, Southern | 311,691 (2000 WCD). Population includes 15,000 speakers of Zara. Ethnic population: 160,000 to 190,000 (1999 SIL). | Mainly Houet Province, from 20 km west of Bobo Dioulasso to 40 km east, north to Kouka Region in Kossi Province. | Benge, Sogokiré, Voré, Syabéré (Sya), Zara (Bobo Dioula, Bobo Jula). | All ages. Syabéré in Bobo Dioulasso Region is the prestige dialect, and the one used for literature. Jula is also used by most men and some women with varying proficiency. French is spoken by the educated. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% Jula. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% Jula. NT: 1981. | |
| bwr | Bura-Pabir | 250,000 (1987 UBS). Population includes 200,000 Pabir (1993). 32,000 in Adamawa State (1992). | Borno State, Biu and Askira-Uba LGAs; Adamawa State, Gombi LGA. | Pela (Bura Pela, Hill Bura), Hyil Hawul (Bura Hyilhawul, Plain Bura). Kofa may be a related language. | All ages. Syabéré in Bobo Dioulasso Region is the prestige dialect, and the one used for literature. Jula is also used by most men and some women with varying proficiency. French is spoken by the educated. | Literacy rate in second language: 3%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1937–1987. | Literacy rate in second language: 3%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1937–1987. | |
| bwv | Kenyah, Bahau River | 1,500 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Northeast, on Sarawak border, around Longkemuat, Iwan River. | Long Atau, Long Bena, Long Puyungan. | All ages. Syabéré in Bobo Dioulasso Region is the prestige dialect, and the one used for literature. Jula is also used by most men and some women with varying proficiency. French is spoken by the educated. | Literacy rate in second language: 3%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1937–1987. | Literacy rate in second language: 3%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1937–1987. | |
| bwx | Bunu, Bu-Nao | 258,000 (1995 McConnell). 97,000 are monolingual. Ethnic population: 439,000 (1982 census). 100,000 ethnic Bunu speak Zhuang as first language. | Western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Du'an, Bama, Dahua, Lingyun, Nandan, Tiandong, Tianyang, Pingguo, Fengshan, Donglan, Hechi, Mashan, Bose, Tianlin, Leye, Tiandeng, Xincheng, Shanglin, Long'an, Debao, Laibin, Luocheng counties), Guizhou Province (Libo County), and Yunnan Province (Funing County). | Dongnu (Tung Nu), Nunu, Bunuo (Pu No), Naogelao (Nao Klao), Numao (Nu Mhou, Hong Yao). The dialects listed may be 5 languages (D. Strecker 1987), communication is difficult (McConnell 1995). | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Positive language attitude. Speakers also use Zhuang, Chinese, or Bouyei. Mandarin used in schools. | Dictionary. Grammar. | Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| bwy | Bwamu, Cwi | 24,000 (1999 SIL). | South of Boromo, border area between Bougouriba and Sissili provinces, area 10 km north to south, and 40 km east to west, from Founzan (Bougouriba Province) to Kabourou (Sissili Province). | Intelligibility within Cwi area is over 90%, 50% to 70% of Láá Láá Bwamu, 30% of Ouarkoye Buamu, and 65% to 70% of Dakwi Bwamu. | Cwi is used in the home. All ages. Some over 7 years old have low proficiency in Jula (trade, common topics) or French (greetings, weather). | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | |
| bxb | Belanda Bor | 8,000 (1983 SIL). | Southern Sudan, between Wau and Tambura; villages of Raffili, Tirga, Bazia, Ayo, Gitten, Taban in Bahr-el-Ghazal; villages of Komai, Nagero, Bangazegino, and Tambura in W. Equatoria. | Intelligibility within Cwi area is over 90%, 50% to 70% of Láá Láá Bwamu, 30% of Ouarkoye Buamu, and 65% to 70% of Dakwi Bwamu. | Most speakers also use Belanda Viri. There is much intermarriage between the two groups. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | |
| bxd | Pela | 400 (2000 D. Bradley). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2001 J. Edmondson). | Yunnan Province, Dehong Prefecture, Luxi County, Santaishan Township, and Yingjiang and Lianghe counties. May also be in Myanmar. | Close to Zaiwa. | Used in the home. Half of children speak it. Neutral language attitude. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | |
| bxe | Birale | 19 (2000 M. Brenzinger). Ethnic population: 89 (2000 M. Brenzinger). | One village on the west bank of the Weyt'o River, southeast Omo Region. | Close to Zaiwa. | All speakers are older adults. Not supportive of language maintenance. Members of the ethnic group who do not speak Birale conduct their affairs in Tsamai. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | |
| bxi | Pirlatapa | Extinct. | South Australia, around Lake Blanche and Lake Callabonn. | It was close to Diyari. | The language became extinct in the 1960s. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | Literacy rate in second language: 3% Jula. Unable to use other Bwamu literature. Motivation for literacy is high. | |
| bxj | Bayungu | 6 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Western Australia, lower Lyndon and Minilya rivers, West Pilbara. | It was close to Diyari. | The language became extinct in the 1960s. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| bxl | Jalkunan | 500 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 800 to 1,000 (1995 SIL). | Village of Blédougou, west of Banfora, near the town of Sindou, Leraba Province. | Lexical similarity 19% with Jula, 17% with Bolon. | Used in the home. All ages. All also use Jula. Jula is used for government administrative purposes. | Government literacy program in Jula. | Government literacy program in Jula. | |
| bxm | Buriat, Mongolia | 64,900 (1995). | Northeast, especially bordering Buryat ASSR. | Khori, Aga. Buriat in Mongolia is a variety of Khori and differs considerably from Buriat of China and Russia. The language has been influenced by Standard (Halh) Mongolian. | Halh Mongolian is used as a literary language. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | |
| bxn | Burduna | 3 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Henry and upper Lyndon rivers. | Khori, Aga. Buriat in Mongolia is a variety of Khori and differs considerably from Buriat of China and Russia. The language has been influenced by Standard (Halh) Mongolian. | Halh Mongolian is used as a literary language. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | |
| bxo | Barikanchi | No estimate available. | Henry and upper Lyndon rivers. | Khori, Aga. Buriat in Mongolia is a variety of Khori and differs considerably from Buriat of China and Russia. The language has been influenced by Standard (Halh) Mongolian. | Used in military barracks. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | |
| bxq | Beele | 120 (1922 Temple). | Bauchi State, near the Bole, a few villages. | A separate language from Bole. | Used in military barracks. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | Literacy rate in second language: High in Halh. | |
| bxr | Buriat, Russia | 318,000 (1990 National Geographic). Ethnic population: 422,000. | East of Lake Baikal, Siberia, bordering on Mongolia. Ulan Ude is the capital. | Ekhirit, Unga, Ninzne-Udinsk, Barguzin, Tunka, Oka, Alar, Bohaan (Bokhan), Bulagat. The Buriat in newspapers is that of the area around Irkutsk, west of Lake Baikal. The Buriat east of the lake is less influenced by Russian and is more like that in Mongolia. The literary dialect differs considerably from those spoken in Mongolia and China, which are influenced by other languages. Khori is the main dialect in Russia. Speakers in Russia apparently understand each other well. | The younger generation in cities are fluent in Russian, which is the contact language with the outside world. 72% speak Russian as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxs | Busam | 1,488 (2000 WCD). | North West Province, Momo Division, Batibo Subdivision, in villages of Bifang, Ambambo, and Dinku. | Related to Ambele and Atong. | The younger generation in cities are fluent in Russian, which is the contact language with the outside world. 72% speak Russian as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxt | Buxinhua | 200 (1994). | Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, southwestern Yunnan Province. | Related to Ambele and Atong. | The younger generation in cities are fluent in Russian, which is the contact language with the outside world. 72% speak Russian as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxu | Buriat, China | 65,000 (1982 census). Population includes 47,000 New Bargu, 14,000 Old Bargu, 4,500 Buriat. | Hulun-Buyr District of Inner Mongolia, near Russian (Siberian) and Mongolian borders. | Bargu (Old Bargu, New Bargu), Khori, Aga. Officially included under Mongolian in China. Differs from Buriat of Mongolia and Russia because of influences from different languages. | The younger generation in cities are fluent in Russian, which is the contact language with the outside world. 72% speak Russian as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxv | Berakou | 2 (1995 Djarangar). | West, Chari Baguirmi Prefecture; N'Djamena Subprefecture, north of Djermaya and between Karal and Tourba; Bokoro Subprefecture, around Ngoura. 23 villages. | Bolo Djarma, Mondogossou, Manawadji, Yiryo. | The Babalia have been shifting to Chadian Arabic or Kotoko languages. All speakers older than 60 years (1995). | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxw | Bankagooma | 5,085 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 5,085. | North of Sikasso in Danderesso Administrative District, towns of Nougoussouala (Nonko), Fourouma, Mamarasso (Mora), Famsara, and Zantiguila. | Bolo Djarma, Mondogossou, Manawadji, Yiryo. | Bankagooma is no longer spoken in Bambadougou (Faijanta), Nyaradougou (Jaata), Samogossoni, and possibly other towns, where the people now speak Bambara. A few villages are still stable. Spoken by children and adults as first language in some towns. Speakers also use Bambara. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxx | Borna | No estimate available. | North of Sikasso in Danderesso Administrative District, towns of Nougoussouala (Nonko), Fourouma, Mamarasso (Mora), Famsara, and Zantiguila. | Bolo Djarma, Mondogossou, Manawadji, Yiryo. | Bankagooma is no longer spoken in Bambadougou (Faijanta), Nyaradougou (Jaata), Samogossoni, and possibly other towns, where the people now speak Bambara. A few villages are still stable. Spoken by children and adults as first language in some towns. Speakers also use Bambara. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bxz | Binahari | 764 (1980 census). | Central Province, both sides of a range of hills inland from Cloudy Bay. | Neme (Nemea), Ma. Lexical similarity 70% with Morawa (closest). | Most speakers also use Magi, Suau, Hiri Motu, or English. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | Literacy rate in second language: Those on both sides of the lake are fully literate in the literary style. Cyrillic script. Newspapers. Bible: 1846. | |
| bya | Batak | 200 (2000 Wurm). Ethnic population: 2,041 (1990 census). | North central Palawan. | Neme (Nemea), Ma. Lexical similarity 70% with Morawa (closest). | 40% to 60% of the ethnic group speaks Batak. Few key domains. 30% to 50% of the children speak Batak. Mildly supportive language attitude. Speakers also use Tagalog. | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| byb | Bikya | 1 (1986 R. Breton). | North West Province, Menchum Division, Furu-Awa Subdivision, Furubana village. | Reported to be in Furu cluster (2000 B. Connell). May be Eastern Beboid. Lexical similarity 24% with Nsaa and Noone (Beboid), 14% with Akum. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Jukun. The speaker is older than 70 years (1986 R. Breton). | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| byd | Benyadu' | 45,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Northwestern near Sarawak border, around Tan, Darit. | Reported to be in Furu cluster (2000 B. Connell). May be Eastern Beboid. Lexical similarity 24% with Nsaa and Noone (Beboid), 14% with Akum. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Jukun. The speaker is older than 70 years (1986 R. Breton). | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| bye | Pouye | 960 (2003 SIL). | Sandaun Province. | Related to Awtuw, Karawa. Lexical similarity 67% with Karawa. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Jukun. The speaker is older than 70 years (1986 R. Breton). | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| byf | Bete | 50 (1992). Ethnic population: 3,000. | Taraba State, Takum LGA, Bete town, at the foot of Bete mountain, south of Wukari. | Reported to have been close to Lufu. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Jukun. | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| byg | Baygo | Extinct. Ethnic population: 850 (1978 GR). | Northern Sudan, Southern Dar Fur, southeast of Nyala, in the hills east of Kube (Kubbi). Jebel Beygo. | Was close to Daju of Dar Fur. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Jukun. | Bible portions: 1972. | Bible portions: 1972. | |
| byh | Bujhyal | 5,000 (1998). Ethnic population: 117,568. | Gandaki Zone, East Tanahun District, south side of Chimkesori Peak, behind Yangchok, near the Magar. Separated from the Chepang by the Trisuli (Narayani) River. | Pronominal affix differences hinder intelligibility. More like the East Himalayish languages. Lexical similarity 98% with Chepang. | Used in the home. All ages. Not a high view of Bujhyal. Chepang viewed as superior. Nepali valued for education. Bilingual level estimates for Nepali: 0 5%, 1 30%, 2 40%, 3 15%, 4 10%, 5 0%. Young people sometimes speak Nepali to each other. Speakers over 5 know some Nepali, which is learned in school. Men can talk about most common and political topics. Women know greetings and how to trade in Nepali. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% in Nepal. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% in Nepal. | |
| byj | Bina | 7,000 (2000). | Kaduna State, Saminaka LGA. | Pronominal affix differences hinder intelligibility. More like the East Himalayish languages. Lexical similarity 98% with Chepang. | Used in the home. All ages. Not a high view of Bujhyal. Chepang viewed as superior. Nepali valued for education. Bilingual level estimates for Nepali: 0 5%, 1 30%, 2 40%, 3 15%, 4 10%, 5 0%. Young people sometimes speak Nepali to each other. Speakers over 5 know some Nepali, which is learned in school. Men can talk about most common and political topics. Women know greetings and how to trade in Nepali. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% in Nepal. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% in Nepal. | |
| byk | Biao | 50,000 (1999 Liang Min and Zhang Junru). 10,000 women and small children are monolingual. | Villages in western Huaji County and neighboring areas in Fengkai County, Guangdong Province. | Pronominal affix differences hinder intelligibility. More like the East Himalayish languages. Lexical similarity 98% with Chepang. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Children and young people use it about half the time. Positive language attitude. 30,000 also speak Yue Chinese. 10,000 can also speak Cantonese, Mandarin, or Zhuang. | Radio programs. Grammar. | Radio programs. Grammar. | |
| byl | Bayono | 100 (1999 SIL). | South of Tokuni on the Steenboom River. | Not related to Ok, Asmat, Awyu-Dumut, Momuna, or highlands languages like Dani or Mek. Lexical similarity 55% with Awbono. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Children and young people use it about half the time. Positive language attitude. 30,000 also speak Yue Chinese. 10,000 can also speak Cantonese, Mandarin, or Zhuang. | Radio programs. Grammar. | Radio programs. Grammar. | |
| bym | Bidyara | 20 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Queensland, between Tambo and Augathella, Warrego River and Langlo River. | Not related to Ok, Asmat, Awyu-Dumut, Momuna, or highlands languages like Dani or Mek. Lexical similarity 55% with Awbono. | Speakers are shifting to English. | Radio programs. Grammar. | Radio programs. Grammar. | |
| byn | Bilen | 70,000 (1995). | Central Eritrea, in and around the town of Keren. | Not related to Ok, Asmat, Awyu-Dumut, Momuna, or highlands languages like Dani or Mek. Lexical similarity 55% with Awbono. | 60% of the Christians are partly bilingual in Tigrinya, 70% of the Muslims also use Tigré. The younger generation mixes their speech with Arabic. Some also use Nara or Kunama. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | |
| byo | Biyo | 100,000 (1990 J-O Svantesson). | Yunnan, near the Hani. | Not related to Ok, Asmat, Awyu-Dumut, Momuna, or highlands languages like Dani or Mek. Lexical similarity 55% with Awbono. | 60% of the Christians are partly bilingual in Tigrinya, 70% of the Muslims also use Tigré. The younger generation mixes their speech with Arabic. Some also use Nara or Kunama. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | |
| byp | Bumaji | 11,386 (2000 WCD). | Cross River State, Obudu LGA, Bumaji town. | Not related to Ok, Asmat, Awyu-Dumut, Momuna, or highlands languages like Dani or Mek. Lexical similarity 55% with Awbono. | 60% of the Christians are partly bilingual in Tigrinya, 70% of the Muslims also use Tigré. The younger generation mixes their speech with Arabic. Some also use Nara or Kunama. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | Bible portions: 1882–1984. | |
| byq | Basay | Extinct. | North around Tam Shui to near Kungliao, Fengtzulin, Taipei, Sangchung, and northeast around Suao and east of Ilan. | Trobiawan, Linaw-Qauqaul. | 60% of the Christians are partly bilingual in Tigrinya, 70% of the Muslims also use Tigré. The younger generation mixes their speech with Arabic. Some also use Nara or Kunama. | Grammar. | Grammar. |
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