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| code | name_en | population | region | name_alt | dialects | language_use | development | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| boc | Kenyah, Bakung | 1,485 in Indonesia (2000 WCD). | South central, near Kalimantan border. | Oga Bakung. | Many are monolingual. Some also use Somali, Orma, or Swahili. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| bod | Tibetan, Central | 60,000 in Nepal (1973 SIL). | Mainly Kathmandu and Pokhara. Some scattered refugee communities in few districts along the China border. | Utsang. | Official regional language. Vigorous. Speakers of other languages in the area can also speak Tibetan. All domains. All ages. Positive language attitude. | Literacy rate in second language: 30%. Motivation for literacy is high. Taught in primary and secondary schools. Magazines. Newspapers. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1948. | Literacy rate in second language: 30%. Motivation for literacy is high. Taught in primary and secondary schools. Magazines. Newspapers. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1948. | |
| boe | Mundabli | 1,000 (2001 SIL). | North West Province, Menchum Division, Wum Subdivision, northeast of Wum, villages of Mundabli, Bu, and Ngwen. | Utsang. | Official regional language. Vigorous. Speakers of other languages in the area can also speak Tibetan. All domains. All ages. Positive language attitude. | Literacy rate in second language: 30%. Motivation for literacy is high. Taught in primary and secondary schools. Magazines. Newspapers. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1948. | Literacy rate in second language: 30%. Motivation for literacy is high. Taught in primary and secondary schools. Magazines. Newspapers. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1948. | |
| bog | Bamako Sign Language | No estimate available. | Bamako school for deaf children, separated into 3 grade classes. It is not known if it is widely used elsewhere or not. | Not related to other sign languages. | Some hearing people use it to communicate with deaf people. 6 to 50 years old. They have some knowledge of French and possibly Bambara. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| boi | Barbareño | Extinct. | Southern California, near Santa Barbara. | Was not intelligible with other Chumash varieties. | Some hearing people use it to communicate with deaf people. 6 to 50 years old. They have some knowledge of French and possibly Bambara. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| boj | Anjam | 2,019 (2003 SIL). | Madang Province, Astrolabe Bay District. | Was not intelligible with other Chumash varieties. | Some hearing people use it to communicate with deaf people. 6 to 50 years old. They have some knowledge of French and possibly Bambara. | NT: 2000. | NT: 2000. | |
| bok | Bonjo | 3,000. | Likouala Region, on and near Oubangui, Motaba, and Ibenga rivers, Dongou and Impfondo districts. | Was not intelligible with other Chumash varieties. | Speakers are shifting to Lingala (2000 B. Connell). | NT: 2000. | NT: 2000. | |
| bol | Bole | 100,000 (1990). | Bauchi State, Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; Gombe State, Dukku LGA; Yobe State, Fika LGA; Plateau State, Wase LGA. | Bara, Fika (Fikankayen, Anpika). | Speakers are shifting to Lingala (2000 B. Connell). | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| bom | Berom | 300,000 (1993 SIL). Population includes Cen 2,000. | Plateau State, Berakin Ladi and Jos LGAs; Kaduna State, Jema'a LGA; Bauchi State. | Gyell-Kuru-Vwang (Ngell-Kuru-Vwang), Fan-Foron-Heikpang, Bachit-Gashish, Du-Ropp-Rim, Hoss, Cen. | Speakers are shifting to Lingala (2000 B. Connell). | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1984. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1984. | |
| bon | Bine | 2,000 (1987 SIL). | Western Province, Daru District, south of Fly River. | Kunini, Boze-Giringarede, Sogal, Masingle, Tate, Irupi-Drageli, Sebe. | Speakers are shifting to Lingala (2000 B. Connell). | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | |
| boo | Bozo, Tièma Cièwè | 2,500 (1991). Population includes 831 in Enguem, 1,315 in Aouré. | Administrative circle of Youwarou, Arrondissement Guidio Saré; Enghem (Enguem), Aouré (Aoré), and Kamago Sébi villages, where the Niger River leaves Lake Debo. | Lexical similarity 60% with Tieyaxo Boso. | Speakers also use Fulfulde or Songai. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | |
| bop | Bonkiman | 175 (1991 SIL). 40% monolingual. | Madang and Morobe provinces. | Lexical similarity 60% with Tieyaxo Boso. | Speakers also use Tok Pisin. Passive bilingualism with neighboring languages. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 50% to 75%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1993. | |
| boq | Bogaya | 300 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Western Province, some also in base of northern neck of Southern Highlands Province. | Lexical similarity 60% with Tieyaxo Boso. | Speakers also use Tok Pisin. Passive bilingualism with neighboring languages. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. | |
| bor | Borôro | 850 (1994 SIL). | Central Mato Grosso, 8 villages. | Lexical similarity 60% with Tieyaxo Boso. | Speakers also use Tok Pisin. Passive bilingualism with neighboring languages. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1993. | |
| bos | Bosnian | 4,000,000 (2004). | Central Mato Grosso, 8 villages. | Lexical similarity 60% with Tieyaxo Boso. | Official language. | Literacy rate in second language: 97%. Roman script. Dictionary. Bible: 1804–1968. | Literacy rate in second language: 97%. Roman script. Dictionary. Bible: 1804–1968. | |
| bot | Bongo | 10,084 (2000 WCD). | A large sparsely populated area reaching from Tonj and Wau on the north, the Beli on the east, the Zande on the south, and the Bor on the west. | Busere Bongo, Tonj Bongo, Bungo. Slight dialect differences between those on the River Busere, who have had Zande influence, and those around Tonj. Bungo dialect has minor differences. Close to the Jur Beli cluster. | Bilingualism in Jur Beli is low. Generally, adults understand Zande, and adult males understand Dinka Rek. The youth do not understand Zande or Dinka because education is mostly in Arabic with some English. Many students drop out of school because they cannot understand the language being used. | Orthography developed and literacy materials in use. | Orthography developed and literacy materials in use. | |
| bov | Tuwuli | 11,400 (2003 GILLBT). | Volta Region, from Volta Lake eastward to Amanfro on the Hohoe-Jasikan road. Not found in Togo. | Busere Bongo, Tonj Bongo, Bungo. Slight dialect differences between those on the River Busere, who have had Zande influence, and those around Tonj. Bungo dialect has minor differences. Close to the Jur Beli cluster. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Diminishing contact with Éwé. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| bow | Rema | Extinct. | Western Province, Morehead District. Not in Papua, Indonesia. | Related to Aramba, Kanum. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Diminishing contact with Éwé. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| box | Buamu | 185,945 (2000 WCD). | Kossi, Mouhoun, Tuy, Banwa, and Les Balés provinces. Approximately 80 km east-west and 200 km north-south. | Ouarkoye. | All domains, home, churches. All ages. Many men can speak Jula for common topics with outsiders, women for trading. French is also used. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| boz | Bozo, Tiéyaxo | 117,696 (1987 census). | From Koa to Miérou on the Niger River, and Diafarabié to Sendédaga on the Diaka River (a tributary). They work the major rivers in much of West Africa. | Lexical similarity 53% with Sorogama Boso (closest), 30% with Soninke. | National language. Some ethnic Marka and Somono live among them and speak Tiéyaxo as their first language. 6 years and older (1987). Some also use Bambara or Fulfulde, depending on the region. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpb | Barbacoas | Extinct. | Near the coastal town of Barbacoas, Nariño. | Lexical similarity 53% with Sorogama Boso (closest), 30% with Soninke. | National language. Some ethnic Marka and Somono live among them and speak Tiéyaxo as their first language. 6 years and older (1987). Some also use Bambara or Fulfulde, depending on the region. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bph | Botlikh | 5,000 (1990). Ethnic population: 5,000 (1990 Kibrik). | Southern Dagestan ASSR. | Botlikh, Zibirkhalin. Close to Andi. Godoberi is a separate language (B. Comrie 1989). | Few key domains. 30% to 50% of children speak Botlikh. Positive language attitude. Avar is used as literary language; bilingual proficiency undetermined. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpi | Bagupi | 50 (2000 Wurm). | Madang Province. | Related languages: Rapting, Wamas, Samosa, Murupi, Saruga, Nake, Mosimo, Garus, Yoidik, Rempi, Silopi, Utu, Mawan, Baimak, Matepi, Gal, Garuh, Kamba. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Bagupi. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpl | Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin | 40 speakers. | Broome, Lombardinie, Beagle Bay, La Grange, One Arm Point, Derby. | Related languages: Rapting, Wamas, Samosa, Murupi, Saruga, Nake, Mosimo, Garus, Yoidik, Rempi, Silopi, Utu, Mawan, Baimak, Matepi, Gal, Garuh, Kamba. | Used as a lingua franca on pearling boats to communicate between Malays, Japanese, Chinese, and Aborigines. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpm | Biyom | 379 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Madang Province, southeast of Gende. | Related to Isabi, Tauya, Faita. | Used as a lingua franca on pearling boats to communicate between Malays, Japanese, Chinese, and Aborigines. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpn | Dzao Min | 60,000 (1995 Wang and Mao). | Northern Guangdong Province, Liannan and Yangshan counties; southern Hunan Province, Yizhang County. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Used as a lingua franca on pearling boats to communicate between Malays, Japanese, Chinese, and Aborigines. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpo | Anasi | 2,000 (1993 Doriot). | North coast area along the west bank of the lower Mamberamo River. Jayapura Kabupaten, Mamberamo Hilir Kecamatan. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Used as a lingua franca on pearling boats to communicate between Malays, Japanese, Chinese, and Aborigines. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 2%. Active literacy program. Radio programs. Bible portions: 1957–2002. | |
| bpp | Kaure | 450 (1995 SIL). | Southwest of Lake Sentani along Nawa River, in villages of Lereh, Harna, Wes, Masta, Aurina. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Used in religious services. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Bible portions: 1990. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Bible portions: 1990. | |
| bpq | Malay, Banda | 3,690 (2000 WCD). | Banda Islands. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Used in religious services. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Bible portions: 1990. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Bible portions: 1990. | |
| bpr | Blaan, Koronadal | 100,000 (1981 SIL). | South Cotabato Province, Mindanao. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Speakers have low proficiency in Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: 20%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. NT: 1995. | Literacy rate in first language: 20%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. NT: 1995. | |
| bps | Blaan, Sarangani | 90,754 (2000 WCD). | South Cotabato Province, Sarangani, Davao Del Sur Province, Mindanao. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Speakers have low proficiency in Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | |
| bpt | Barrow Point | 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Queensland, Cape York Peninsula, Barrow Point on Princess Charlotte Bay and inland. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Speakers have low proficiency in Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | |
| bpu | Bongu | 854 (2000 census). | Madang Province, Astrolabe Bay, Rai Coast. | Not intelligible with other Mienic languages. Lexical similarity 61% with Iu Mien, 59% with Kim Mun, 58% with Biao-Jiao Mien. | Speakers have low proficiency in Cebuano. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | |
| bpv | Marind, Bian | 2,900 (2002 Sohn, Myo-sook). | Bian River area near Merauke, Merauke Kabupaten, Muting Kecamatan, and Sanayu village on Maro River. | Not inherently intelligible with Marind. | Used in the home. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 28%. Videos. NT: 1981. | |
| bpw | Bo | 85 (1998 NTM). | Sandaun Province, the heart of the western range; Bo, Kobaru, Kaumifi, Nigyama Umarita villages. Western range, close to the border of Sandaun Province, near Right May River, East Sepik Province. | Kaboru, Nikiyama, Umuruta. | Used in the home. | Literacy rate in second language: 50%. | Literacy rate in second language: 50%. | |
| bpx | Bareli, Palya | 10,000 to 25,000 (2000 Varkey). | Madhya Pradesh, Barwani District: Rajpur, Barwani tahsils; Khargone District: Jhirniya tahsil; Maharashtra, Jalgaon District: Yawal, Raver tahsils; Dhule District: Shirpur tahsil. | Dialect center is MP, Barwani District, Choutharya village of Rajpur tahsil. Lexical similarity is 62 to 66% with Pauri Bareli; 67 to 73% with Rathwi Bareli. | Vigorous. All domains except education. Positive language attitude. Most speakers have low proficiency in regional (Nimadi, Ahirani) and state (Hindi, Marathi) languages. | Literacy rate in second language: below 10%. | Literacy rate in second language: below 10%. | |
| bpy | Bishnupriya | 40,000 in Bangladesh (2003). | Assam, Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj districts; Tripura, North. Also spoken in Bangladesh. | Rajar Gang, Madoi Gang. | Bengali used with Meitei speakers. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | |
| bpz | Bilba | 7,000 (2002 UKAW). Ethnic population: 7,000. | Rote Island east, domains of Bilba, Diu, and Lelenuk. West of Ringgou. Communities on Semau Island and Timor mainland near Kupang. | Bilba, Diu, Lelenuk. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Speakers also use Kupang, Indonesian. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | |
| bqb | Bagusa | 300 (1987 SIL). | East of Mamberamo, Lake Rombebai, north of Kauwera language. Jayapura Kabupaten, Mamberamo Tengah Kecamatan. | Lexical similarity 64% with Kwerba. | Vigorous. All ages. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: High. Bengali script. Bible portions: 1995. | |
| bqc | Boko | 40,000 in Nigeria (1995 R. Jones). | Niger State, Borgu LGA; Kebbi State, Bagudo LGA, from Senji in the north to Kenugbe and Kaoje, 150 km to the south and Demmo, 50 km to the east, 35 villages. | Closely related languages: Busa-Bisã (Nigeria), Bokobaru (Nigeria), Shanga (Nigeria). Lexical similarity 90% with Busa-Bisã, Bokobaru, Shanga, 86% with Bokobaru, 52% with Kyenga, 51% with Bissa in Burkina Faso. | Positive language attitude. Speakers also use Baatonum, Hausa, or English. | Adult literacy program. | Adult literacy program. | |
| bqd | Bung | 3 (1995 Connell). | Near the Kwanja language. | It may have been a form of Kwanja. | People now use Kwanja. May be extinct. | Adult literacy program. | Adult literacy program. | |
| bqe | Basque, Navarro-Labourdin | 67,500 (1991). Population includes 45,000 Labourdin, 22,500 Lower Navarro. Total Basque speakers in France estimated at 80,000. Ethnic population: 730,000 (1993 Johnstone). | French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Labourd (Lapurdi), and Basse-Navarre departments. | Labourdin (Lapurdiera), Eastern Low Navarrese (Benaffarera, Bajo Navarro Oriental), Western Low Navarrese (Bajo Navarro Occidental). Navarro-Labourdin is diverse from other Basque dialects, and needs separate literature. | Basque has the status of a regional language in France. A few schools use Basque as an instructional language, others offer it as a subject. All domains. Home, school, work (agriculture, crafts, trade, commerce, advertising), drama, religion, music, cultural activities. All ages. Speakers also use French. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | |
| bqf | Baga Kaloum | Extinct. | French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Labourd (Lapurdi), and Basse-Navarre departments. | Labourdin (Lapurdiera), Eastern Low Navarrese (Benaffarera, Bajo Navarro Oriental), Western Low Navarrese (Bajo Navarro Occidental). Navarro-Labourdin is diverse from other Basque dialects, and needs separate literature. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Susu. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | |
| bqh | Baima | 11,000 (1999 Sun Hongkai). Older adults and a few middle aged are monolingual. Ethnic population: 110,000 (1995 EDCL). | Pingwu, Nanping, and Songpan counties in north central Sichuan Province, and Wen County of Gansu Province. | Southern Baima (Pingwu Baima), Northern Baima (Wen Baima), Western Baima (Nanping Baima). Considered to be an independent language or related to Khams Tibetan. | Vigorous among adults in Pingwu and Nanping counties. All domains among adults. Most are indifferent, but some leaders want to preserve it. Schools use Chinese. About 1,000 Baima people speak only Chinese. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1865. | |
| bqi | Bakhtiari | 1,000,000 (2001). 350,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,000,000 (2001). | Southwestern Iran: western Chahar-Mahal va Bakhtiari, eastern Khuzestan, eastern Lorestan, and western Esfahan. Masjed-e Soleiman, Shahr-e Kord, Dorud. | Haft-Lang, Charlang, Chelgerd, Kuhrang (Kohrang). Bakhtiari is on a dialect continuum between Northern Luri and Southern Luri. Farsi dialects in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province are mutually intelligible with Bakhtiari. Close to Kumzari. Lexical similarity 75% with Southern Luri (Mamasani), 86% with Southern Luri (Boyerahmadi), 73% with Northern Luri (rural), 78% with Northern Luri (Khorramabadi), 76% with Western Farsi. | Vigorous. Used in the home, commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. Some speakers use Western Farsi or English. Older speakers and women have lower levels of bilingualism. | A few native authors have attempted to use an Arabo-Persian script for Bakhtiari. Poetry. Dictionary. Grammar. | A few native authors have attempted to use an Arabo-Persian script for Bakhtiari. Poetry. Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| bql | Bilakura | 30 (2000 Wurm). | Madang Province. | Related languages: Usan, Yaben, Yarawata, Parawen, Ukuriguma. | Vigorous. Used in the home, commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. Some speakers use Western Farsi or English. Older speakers and women have lower levels of bilingualism. | A few native authors have attempted to use an Arabo-Persian script for Bakhtiari. Poetry. Dictionary. Grammar. | A few native authors have attempted to use an Arabo-Persian script for Bakhtiari. Poetry. Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| bqn | Bulgarian Sign Language | No estimate available. | Madang Province. | Different sign languages are used in the classroom and by adults outside. | Used since 1920. Elementary schools for deaf people since 1898. Since 1945 sign language has been allowed in the classroom. Sign language interpreters are required in court. Some are available for college students. There is sign language instruction for parents of deaf children. There is a committee on national sign language. | Films. TV. Videos. Dictionary. | Films. TV. Videos. Dictionary. | |
| bqo | Balo | 2,231 (2000 WCD). | South West Province, Manyu Division, Akwaya Subdivision. | Lexical similarity 60% with Osatu, 40% with Ipulo and Caka, 35% with Esimbi and Mesaka. | Speakers also use Cameroon Pidgin. | Literacy is in English, as it is with all languages in NW and SW provinces. | Literacy is in English, as it is with all languages in NW and SW provinces. | |
| bqp | Busa | 20,000 (1998 Ross Jones SIM). | Niger State, Borgu LGA, Kebbi State, Bagudo LGA, 35 villages. | New Busa, Wawa, Illo. The two dialects are inherently intelligible to each other's speakers. Busa has more prestige, but Wawa viewed as purer, and used for literature. New Busa has Hausa-influenced phonology. Illo Busa has Boko influence. Other Busa languages (Boko, Bokobaru) require separate literature. Lexical similarity 91% with Bokobaru, 85% with Boko, 54% with Kyenga, 50% with Bissa in Burkina Faso. | 20,000 second-language users. Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for Hausa: 0 30%, 1 40%, 2 13%, 3 10%, 4 5%, 5 2%. Speakers also use Hausa, Kambari, and English. Hausa is used in school. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqq | Biritai | 250 (1988 SIL). | Lakes Plain just north of mid-Rouffaer River, village of Biri. | Lexical similarity 69% with Obokuitai, 61% with Eritai, 60% with Kwerisa, 69% with Kai. | 20,000 second-language users. Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for Hausa: 0 30%, 1 40%, 2 13%, 3 10%, 4 5%, 5 2%. Speakers also use Hausa, Kambari, and English. Hausa is used in school. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqr | Burusu | 6,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Northeast, around Sekatakbunyi, north of Sajau Basap language. | Lexical similarity 69% with Obokuitai, 61% with Eritai, 60% with Kwerisa, 69% with Kai. | 20,000 second-language users. Positive language attitude. Bilingual level estimates for Hausa: 0 30%, 1 40%, 2 13%, 3 10%, 4 5%, 5 2%. Speakers also use Hausa, Kambari, and English. Hausa is used in school. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqs | Bosngun | 1,225 (2000). 20% monolingual. | Madang Province. | Lexical similarity 69% with Obokuitai, 61% with Eritai, 60% with Kwerisa, 69% with Kai. | Others use Tok Pisin as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqv | Begbere-Ejar | 35,000 (1972 Barrett). Population includes Ashe. | Kaduna State, Kachia LGA, Plateau State, Keffi LGA. | Koron Panda, Koron Ache, Ejar. | Others use Tok Pisin as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqw | Buru | 1,000. | Taraba State, Sardauna LGA, east of Baissa, a village near Batu. | Koron Panda, Koron Ache, Ejar. | Others use Tok Pisin as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqx | Baangi | 15,000 (1996). | Northern Niger State. | Koron Panda, Koron Ache, Ejar. | Others use Tok Pisin as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bqy | Bali Sign Language | 2,200 in the village, out of 50 deaf people and 2,150 hearing people (1995 T. Friedman). | 1 village in Bali. | Koron Panda, Koron Ache, Ejar. | The majority of the hearing people learn and use the sign language. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | Literacy rate in second language: 5%. Busa and Hausa adult literacy programs. Busa literature is available. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1993–1998. | |
| bra | Braj Bhasha | 44,000 (1997). | Uttar Pradesh, Agra Region; Rajasthan, Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur districts; Haryana, Gurgaon District; Bihar; Madhya Pradesh; Delhi. | Braj Bhasha, Antarbedi, Bhuksa, Sikarwari, Jadobafi, Dangi. Bhuksa is sometimes mentioned as a dialect of Kanauji. | The majority of the hearing people learn and use the sign language. | NT: 1824–1999. | NT: 1824–1999. | |
| brb | Lave | 313 in Viet Nam (1999 census). | Kon Tum Province, Cambodia-Laos border area. | Palau. | The majority of the hearing people learn and use the sign language. | NT: 1824–1999. | NT: 1824–1999. | |
| brc | Berbice Creole Dutch | 4 or 5 (1993 S. Kouwenberg). 15 with limited competence (1989 J. Holm). | Berbice River area. | Speakers claim it is not inherently intelligible with Skepi or Rupununi. About 30% of the basic lexicon and most of the productive morphology is from Eastern Ijo in Nigeria; most of the rest of the lexicon is from Dutch, 10% loans from Arawak and Guyanese Creole English. | Speakers also use Guyanese, which has influenced Berbice considerably. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| brd | Baraamu | 2,000 (1998). Ethnic population: 7,383. | Gandaki Zone, North Gorkha District, Takhu village up the Doraundi Khola on the east side above Chorgate, near Kumhali, about 7 villages. They may be in Dhading District. | Related to Thangmi (Grierson-Konow). | Speakers are shifting to Nepali. Spoken mainly by those older than 40 years. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| bre | Breton | 500,000 in France (1989 ICDBL). 1,200,000 know Breton who do not regularly use it. Population total all countries: 532,722. | Western Brittany, and dispersed in Eastern Brittany and Breton emigrant communities throughout the world. Also spoken in USA. | Leonais, Tregorrois, Vannetais, Cornouaillais. | No official status. Strong nationalistic movement demanding recognition, a place in the schools, media, and public life. 18,000 speakers are children under 14 years; 56,250 between 15 and 24; 423,000 between 25 and 64; 168,000 over 65 (1974). Some claim to be monolingual in Breton. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% can read and write Breton. Radio programs. TV. Grammar. Bible: 1866–1985. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% can read and write Breton. Radio programs. TV. Grammar. Bible: 1866–1985. | |
| brg | Baure | 13 (2000 Adelaar). Ethnic population: 631 (2000). | Beni Department, northwest of Magdalena. | Leonais, Tregorrois, Vannetais, Cornouaillais. | Speakers are shifting to Spanish. Children and most adults were not using Baure 20 years ago. | Bible portions: 1960–1966. | Bible portions: 1960–1966. | |
| brh | Brahui | 10,000 in Iran (1983). | Central Sistan and Baluchistan provinces, including Zahedan. | Jharawan, Kalat, Sarawan. | Brahui in Iran are reported to speak Western Balochi now. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brk | Birked | Extinct. | Northern Sudan, north Dar Fur, north and east of Daju and Baygo, east of Jebel Marra between Jebel Harayt and the Rizaykat (Arab) country. Also north of Nyala. A few in north Kordofan south of El Obeid. | Lexical similarity 60% with Kadaru; 51% with Meidob (closest). | Brahui in Iran are reported to speak Western Balochi now. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brm | Barambu | 25,570 (1990 census). A few hundred living among the Bangba (1996). | Orientale Province, Poko Territory, between the Bomokandi and Uélé rivers. | Unconfirmed reports of a 'Pamiaangba' dialect near Dungu in Niangara Territory. | Extinct in Sudan in 1975. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brn | Boruca | 5 women (1986 SIL). 30 to 35 nonfluent speakers. Ethnic population: 1,000 (1991). | Southern coast between Playa Bonita and Golfito. | Unconfirmed reports of a 'Pamiaangba' dialect near Dungu in Niangara Territory. | Nearly all speak only Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| bro | Brokkat | 300 (1993 Van Driem). | Dur in central Bumthang District. | Unconfirmed reports of a 'Pamiaangba' dialect near Dungu in Niangara Territory. | Nearly all speak only Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brp | Barapasi | 2,500 (1995 SIL). | East side of Cenderawasih Bay just east of the Waropen language, along the Barapasi River and its tributaries. Yapen Waropen Kabupaten, Waropen Atas Kecamatan. | Sipisi, Marikai. Lexical similarity 67% with Kofei, 71% with Sauri, 61% with Tefaro, 64% with Woria. | All domains, home. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brq | Breri | 1,100 (1986 PBT). | Madang Province, lower Ramu Valley, 80 miles west of Madang City. | Related to Kominimung, Igana, Itutang. | All domains, home. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brs | Baras | 250 (1987 SIL). 50 households. | South Sulawesi, Mamuju District, south Pasangkayu and north Budong-Budong subdistricts, a few villages, mainly in Desa Baras, between the Lariang and Budong-Budong rivers. | Lexical similarity 84% with Da'a, 85% with Inde, 80% or more with other Kaili varieties, 64% with Uma. | All domains, home. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brt | Bitare | 6,034 in Cameroon (2000 WCD). | Adamawa Province, Mayo-Banyo Division, near Banyo. | Close to Abong. | All domains, home. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| bru | Bru, Eastern | 55,559 in Viet Nam (1999 census). | Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and Dac Lac provinces. | Mangkong, Tri. | Tri young people in Thailand do not speak the language. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| brv | Bru, Western | 20,000 in Thailand(1991). | Dong Luang District of Mukdahan Province. Also spoken in USA. | It is partially intelligible with Eastern Bru. | Tri young people in Thailand do not speak the language. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| brw | Bellari | 1,352 (1981 census). | Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu. | Related to Tulu, Koraga. | Tri young people in Thailand do not speak the language. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| brx | Bodo | 3,301 in Nepal (2001 census). Ethnic population: 3,763. | Mechi Zone, Jhapa District. | Chote, Mech. Related to Dimasa, Tripuri, Lalunga. The dialect of West Bengal is reportedly different from Assam. | Official language. Vigorous Bodo language and culture. Most Mech in Assam speak Assamese as first language (R. Breton 1997:24). | Literacy rate in second language: 40% Assamese. Devanagari, Assamese, and Roman script. Magazines. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1981. | Literacy rate in second language: 40% Assamese. Devanagari, Assamese, and Roman script. Magazines. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1981. | |
| bry | Burui | 256 (2000). | East Sepik Province, Ambunti District, Sepik Plains south of Maprik, Burui village, north of Pagwi. | Chote, Mech. Related to Dimasa, Tripuri, Lalunga. The dialect of West Bengal is reportedly different from Assam. | Most adults are fluent in Gaikundi. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| bsa | Abinomn | 300 (1999 Clouse and Donohue). | Lakes Plain area, from the mouth of the Baso River just east of Dabra at the Idenburg River to its headwaters in the Foya Mountains, Jayapura Kabupaten, Mamberamo Hulu Kecamatan. | Close to Warembori. | Positive language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Low level of schooling. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Low level of schooling. | |
| bsb | Bisaya, Brunei | 600 (1984 Dunn). | East of Tutong 1 and east to the coast, west of Seria, a few villages near the Sarawak border. | Lexical similarity 78% to 79% with Sarawak Bisaya, 57% to 59% with Sabah Bisaya, and 50% with other Dusunic languages. | Positive language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Low level of schooling. | Literacy rate in first language: 10%. Low level of schooling. | |
| bsc | Bassari | 475 in Guinea-Bissau (2002). | Northeastern. | Closely related to Budik. | Positive language attitude. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. NT: 1988. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. NT: 1988. | |
| bsd | Bisaya, Sarawak | 7,000 (1984 SIL). | Southeast of Marudi, 5th Division. | Lower Bisaya, Mid Bisaya, Upper Bisaya. Lexical similarity 58% with Sabah Bisaya, 78% to 79% with Brunei Bisaya, and lower with other Dusunic languages. | Positive language attitude. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | |
| bsf | Bauchi | 20,000 (1988 Blench). | Niger State, Rafi and Shiroro LGAs. | Wayam-Rubu, Madaka (Adeka), Supana. | Positive language attitude. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | |
| bsg | Bashkardi | 7,033 (2000 WCD). | Eastern Hormozgan, Southern Kerman, and possibly southwestern Sistan va Baluchistan provinces. | Northern Bashaka, Southern Bashaka. | Positive language attitude. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | Radio programs. Bible portions: 1938. | |
| bsh | Kati | 3,700 to 5,100 Eastern Kativiri in Pakistan (1992). | Eastern Kativiri is in the Chitral District; in Gobar in the Lutkuh Valley, Kunisht in the Rumbur Valley, Shekhanan Deh in the Bumboret Valley, and in the Urtsun Valley. | Eastern Kativiri (Shekhani), Western Kativiri, Mumviri. | Bilingual level estimates for Pashto: Western Kati Men: 0 50%, 1 3–5%, 2 3–5%, 3 35–40%, 4 0%, 5 0%; Western Kati Women: 0–1 100%, 2–5 0%. Speakers also use Eastern Farsi as a second language. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Radio programs. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Radio programs. | |
| bsk | Burushaski | 87,049 in Pakistan (2000 WCD). | Hunza-Nagar area and Yasin area in Gilgit District, Northern Areas. Scattered speakers also in Gilgit, Kashmir, and various cities. Also spoken in India. | Nagar (Nagir), Hunza, Yasin (Werchikwar). Yasin is geographically separated from other dialects. Lexical similarity 91% to 94% between Nagar and Hunza dialects, 67% to 72% between Yasin and Hunza, 66% to 71% between Yasin and Nagar, and may be a separate language. | Yasin speakers have some proficiency in Khowar. Knowledge of Urdu is limited among women and some others. | Literacy rate in second language: 20%. | Literacy rate in second language: 20%. | |
| bsl | Basa-Gumna | Extinct. | Niger State, Chanchaga LGA; Plateau State, Nasarawa LGA. | Nagar (Nagir), Hunza, Yasin (Werchikwar). Yasin is geographically separated from other dialects. Lexical similarity 91% to 94% between Nagar and Hunza dialects, 67% to 72% between Yasin and Hunza, 66% to 71% between Yasin and Nagar, and may be a separate language. | Extinct in 1987. The ethnic group speaks Hausa. | Literacy rate in second language: 20%. | Literacy rate in second language: 20%. | |
| bsn | Barasana | 350 (1990 SIL). | Pira-Paraná River and tributaries, southern Vaupés Region. Jepa Matsi in Brazil may be a dialect. | Taiwano (Taibano, Taiwaeno), Janera, Comematsa. | Taiwano is treated culturally as a separate language. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | |
| bso | Buso | 40 (1971 Welmers). | West, Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture, Bousso Subprefecture, in Maffaling and Bousso. | Boyeldieu says it is not in the Bua group, but Chadic. | Taiwano is treated culturally as a separate language. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | |
| bsp | Baga Sitemu | 4,000. | Southern bank of the Nunez River in the Boké and Boffa regions. Baga Marara is spoken on Marara islands south of the Rio Pongo Inlet. | Marara. Close to Landoma, Temne. | Speakers also use Susu. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 2001. | |
| bsq | Bassa | 5,000 in Sierra Leone (1991 D. Slager). | Freetown. | Gbor, Gba Sor, Mabahn, Hwen Gba Kon, Central Bassa, Rivercess Bassa. | Speakers also use Liberian English. | NT: 1970. | NT: 1970. | |
| bsr | Bassa-Kontagora | 10 (1987). Ethnic population: 30,000. | Niger State, Mariga LGA, northeast of Kontagora. | Gbor, Gba Sor, Mabahn, Hwen Gba Kon, Central Bassa, Rivercess Bassa. | Speakers also use Liberian English. | NT: 1970. | NT: 1970. | |
| bst | Basketo | 57,805 (1998 census). 42,726 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 51,097 (1998 census). | North Omo Region, on a plateau west of Bulki. | Lexical similarity 61% with Oyda. | 8,961 second-language speakers. Speakers have low proficiency in Wolaytta. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | |
| bsu | Bahonsuai | 200 (1991 SIL). | Central Sulawesi, Bungku Tengah Subdistrict, Bahonsuai village on the east coast. | Lexical similarity 71% with Tomadino, 68% with Mori Atas, Mori Bawah, and Padoe. | 8,961 second-language speakers. Speakers have low proficiency in Wolaytta. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | |
| bsv | Baga Sobané | Extinct. | Between the Kapatchez and Pongo rivers. | Was close to Landoma, Temne. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Susu. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 10.2%. | |
| bsw | Baiso | 1,010 (1995 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,260 (1994 M. Brenzinger). | Alge village near Merab Abaya, halfway between Soddo and Arba Minch (390); Gidicho Island, Baiso and Shigima villages (200); and Welege Island on Lake Abaya (420), and the western shore of the lake. | Was close to Landoma, Temne. | The people have resisted extinction for at least 1,000 years (Brenzinger, Heine, and Sommer 1991). Most domains. Most children learn Baiso. Older adults and those living on Gidicho Island also use Afan Oromo. The youth have better proficiency in Gamo and Wolaytta, and little knowledge of Afan Oromo. | Speakers are positive toward the idea of Baiso literature. | Speakers are positive toward the idea of Baiso literature. | |
| bsx | Yangkam | 100 (1996 Blench). | Plateau State, Kanam, Langtang, and Wase LGAs, west of Bashar, 25 km north of Jarme on the Amper-Bashar road. 4 villages: Tukur, Bayar, Pyaksam, and Kiram; and 2 older adult men in Yuli, 15 km northwest of Bashar. | Close to Pe. | Most have shifted to Hausa, while still retaining their Bashar identity. All speakers older than 50 years (1996). | Speakers are positive toward the idea of Baiso literature. | Speakers are positive toward the idea of Baiso literature. | |
| bsy | Bisaya, Sabah | 15,822 (2000 WCD). | On the coast north of and around Brunei Bay, mainly in west Beaufort along Padas River, south of Weston, and south Kuala Penyu District to coast. | 90% intelligibility of Tatana. Lexical similarity 58% with Sarawak Bisaya, 57% to 59% with Brunei Bisaya ('Dusun'). | Most have shifted to Hausa, while still retaining their Bashar identity. All speakers older than 50 years (1996). | Bible portions: 1938. | Bible portions: 1938. | |
| bsz | Basque, Souletin | 8,700 (1991). | French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Soule, Pyrénées Atlantiques Province. | Souletin is more diverse and speakers have difficulty understanding other varieties, especially for complex and abstract discourse. Separate literature desired and needed. | Basque has the status of a regional language in France. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1856–1888. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1856–1888. | |
| bta | Bata | 2,500 in Cameroon. | North Province, Benoue Division, along the Nigerian border (30 km northeast of Garoua), along the Benoue River, west of Garoua and along a small section of the Faro River. | Ndeewe (Bata-Ndeewe). | Basque has the status of a regional language in France. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| btc | Bati | 800 (1975 census). | Littoral Province, Sanaga-Maritime Division, Ndom Subdivision, 4 villages in the Bati Canton. | Ndeewe (Bata-Ndeewe). | All ages. Most older Bati adults have little problem understanding Basaa, because their schooling used to be in that, and Basaa is used in church. Children up to 14 years old are exposed to French for primary education. Markets are in Bakoko- and Yambassa-speaking areas, so those languages are used. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| btd | Batak Dairi | 1,200,000 (1991 UBS). | Northern, southwest of Lake Toba around Sidikalang. | Ndeewe (Bata-Ndeewe). | Diari and Pakpak are sociolinguistically distinct. | Bible: 1998. | Bible: 1998. |
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