1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
| code | name_en | population | region | name_alt | dialects | language_use | development | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nnm | Namia | 4,944 (2003 SIL). | Sandaun Province (19 villages), Yellow River District, Panewai village, East Sepik Province (1 village). Areas are called Edwaki, Ameni, Wiyari, Lawo, Pabei, Iwane. | Closest to Ak and Awun. Lexical similarity 13% with Abau, 12% with May River Iwam. | 123 second-language speakers. Ethnic identity attitudes are strong. Mutual nonagression pact with the Toposa. Occasionally unfriendly with the Turkana and Sudan Jiye. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Four vernacular primary schools, started in 2000. Grammar. Bible portions: 1996–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Four vernacular primary schools, started in 2000. Grammar. Bible portions: 1996–2002. | |
| nnn | Ngete | 10,000 (1991 UBS). | Southwest, Mayo-Kebbi Prefecture, Pala Subprefecture, east of Pala around Ngeté village; near the Pévé, east of the Herdé. | Linguistic and sociolinguistic differences with Pévé and Herdé make separate literature necessary. Also close to Marba. The term 'Zime' is used by outsiders to refer to this and related languages: Herdé, Pévé, Mesmé. | 123 second-language speakers. Ethnic identity attitudes are strong. Mutual nonagression pact with the Toposa. Occasionally unfriendly with the Turkana and Sudan Jiye. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Four vernacular primary schools, started in 2000. Grammar. Bible portions: 1996–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Four vernacular primary schools, started in 2000. Grammar. Bible portions: 1996–2002. | |
| nno | Norwegian, Nynorsk | No estimate available. | Southwest, Mayo-Kebbi Prefecture, Pala Subprefecture, east of Pala around Ngeté village; near the Pévé, east of the Herdé. | The linguist Ivar Aasen founded this written variety in the 1850s from spoken Norwegian and Old Norse. First official codification in 1901. Named Nynorsk in 1929. | Official language. A written language only. Based on rural spoken varieties. Constructed to be used as one of the two norms for written Norwegian since 1938. In 1971 30% of the people use Nynorsk as their main written language. | Bible: 1938. | Bible: 1938. | |
| nnp | Naga, Wancho | 45,000 (1997). | Assam; Nagaland; southeastern Arunachal Pradesh, Tirap District, 36 villages on the southwestern side. | Changnoi, Bor Muthun (Bor Mutonia), Horu Muthun, Kulung Muthun (Mithan). There is a significant variation between the language spoken in the upper regions and that in the lower ones. (Singh) Close to Chang Naga and Konyak Naga. | The younger generation speaks Hindi or Assamese as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | |
| nnr | Narungga | Extinct. | South Australia, south Yorke Peninsula. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | The younger generation speaks Hindi or Assamese as second language. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | |
| nns | Ningye | 3,985 (2000 WCD). | Kaduna State, Jema'a LGA, Ningeshen Kurmi village and 3 small settlements: Akwankwan, Kobin, and Ningeshen Dutse. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Language is spoken fluently by young people and others. Numana and Gbantu are the main second languages. Hausa widely known. Some young people also speak English. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | |
| nnt | Nanticoke | Extinct. Ethnic population: 400 (1977 SIL). | Formerly in southern Delaware and eastern Maryland. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Language is spoken fluently by young people and others. Numana and Gbantu are the main second languages. Hausa widely known. Some young people also speak English. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | Literacy rate in second language: 1.2% (2.5% male, 0.03% female) (1997). Roman and Devanagari scripts. NT: 2002. | |
| nnv | Nugunu | Extinct. | South Australia, south of Gugada people to coast west to Fowler's Bay and east to Streaky Bay, eastern Spencer Gulf. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Language is spoken fluently by young people and others. Numana and Gbantu are the main second languages. Hausa widely known. Some young people also speak English. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| nnx | Ngong | 2 (1983 Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun). | North Province, Benoue Division, south of Garoua on road to Ngaoundere, Ngong village. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Language is spoken fluently by young people and others. Numana and Gbantu are the main second languages. Hausa widely known. Some young people also speak English. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| nny | Nyangga | 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Queensland, head of Gilbert River, south of Forsayth to Gledswood and Gregory Range to Oak Park and Glenora; Northern Territory, coast east of Robinson River. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Language is spoken fluently by young people and others. Numana and Gbantu are the main second languages. Hausa widely known. Some young people also speak English. | Dictionary. | Dictionary. | |
| noa | Woun Meu | 3,000 in Colombia. | San Juan River basin. | Adjabdurah (Adjahdurah), Turra. | Bilingual level estimates for Spanish: 0 10%, 1 50%, 2 25%, 3 13.5%, 4 1.0%, 5 0.5%. | NT: 1988. | NT: 1988. | |
| nob | Norwegian, Bokmål | No estimate available. | San Juan River basin. | Different from Riksmål in genders, lexicon, counting system, a tendency to permit concrete noun endings in abstract situations, diphthongs versus single vowels, and other features. It is an attempt to simplify written Norwegian. | Official language. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1978. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1978. | |
| noc | Nuk | 1,009 (1980 census). | Morobe Province, 8 villages in rugged terrain northeast of Boana on the south side of Saruwaged Range. | North Nuk, South Nuk. | Official language. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1978. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1978. | |
| nod | Thai, Northern | 9,396 in Laos (2000 WCD). | Haut Mekong and Sayaboury provinces, Laos. | Nan. | 87.5% use Northern Tai in the home, 3% use Central Thai, 9.5% use both. Rural or uneducated speakers have limited proficiency in Central Thai. | Newspapers. NT: 1914. | Newspapers. NT: 1914. | |
| noe | Nimadi | 1,359,000 (1997). | Madhya Pradesh, Khandwa, Khargone, Barwani, and southern Dhar districts; Uttar Pradesh; Maharashtra. | Bhuani. Dialects have 90 to 100% inherent intelligibility among speakers. Lexical similarity 74% to 94% among dialects, 64% to 75% with Malvi, 62% to 77% with Hindi, 56% to 64% with Gujarati, 49% to 58% with Marathi. | Vigorous. All key domains except with government officials. Positive language attitude. Speakers have low proficiency in Hindi. Hindi used in education. | Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Radio programs. TV. | Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Radio programs. TV. | |
| nof | Nomane | 4,645 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Simbu Province. | Nomane, Kiari. | Vigorous. All key domains except with government officials. Positive language attitude. Speakers have low proficiency in Hindi. Hindi used in education. | Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Radio programs. TV. | Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Radio programs. TV. | |
| nog | Nogai | 67,500 in Russia (1993 UBS). Population total all countries: 67,806. Ethnic population: 75,000. | Northern Caucasus, Cherkes Ao. Also spoken in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. | White Nogai (Ak), Black Nogai (Kara), Central Nogai. Dialect differences are slight. | Speakers also use Russian. | Cyrillic script. Bible portions: 1996. | Cyrillic script. Bible portions: 1996. | |
| noh | Nomu | 807 (1978 McElhanon). | Morobe Province, northern coast, Huon Peninsula. | White Nogai (Ak), Black Nogai (Kara), Central Nogai. Dialect differences are slight. | Speakers also use Ono. | Cyrillic script. Bible portions: 1996. | Cyrillic script. Bible portions: 1996. | |
| noi | Noiri | 100,000 (2003 Varghese). | Maharashtra, Nandurbar District, Dhadgaon, Akkalkua, and Shahada tahsils; Dhule District, Shirpur Tahsil; Jalgaon District, Chopda Tahsil; Madhya Pradesh, Badwani District, Pansemal Tahsil. | Barutiya. Highly intelligible with Dungra Bhili. Barutiya have high acquired intelligibility of Vasavi and Bareli Pauri. Lexical similarity 77% to 87% with Dungra Bhili, 60% to 71% with different Vasavi varieties, 58% to 68% with Nahali of Toranmal, 47% to 54% with Kotali; Barutiya lexical similarity 64% to 70% with Bareli Pauri. Noiri-Barutiya falls between Vasavi and Bareli on a dialect continuum. | Vigorous. Used in the home, village. Positive language attitude to the west. Less positive to the east. Low proficiency in Marathi and Hindi. | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | |
| nok | Nooksack | Extinct. Ethnic population: 1,600 (1997 B. Galloway). | Formerly in the northwest corner of Washington. | Barutiya. Highly intelligible with Dungra Bhili. Barutiya have high acquired intelligibility of Vasavi and Bareli Pauri. Lexical similarity 77% to 87% with Dungra Bhili, 60% to 71% with different Vasavi varieties, 58% to 68% with Nahali of Toranmal, 47% to 54% with Kotali; Barutiya lexical similarity 64% to 70% with Bareli Pauri. Noiri-Barutiya falls between Vasavi and Bareli on a dialect continuum. | Extinct since about 1988. There are 2 or 3 older adults who each know less than 30 or 40 words (1998). | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | |
| nom | Nocamán | Extinct. | Headwaters of the Inuya River, Amueya River, Tamaya River. | May have been a dialect of Cashibo. | Extinct since about 1988. There are 2 or 3 older adults who each know less than 30 or 40 words (1998). | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | Literacy rate in second language: 1% in Marathi. Devanagari script. | |
| noo | Nootka | 200 (2002 Poser). Population includes Nitinat 30 (1991 M. Dale Kinkade). Ethnic population: 3,500 (1977 SIL). | Southwestern British Columbia, Nitinat along Pacific side of Vancouver Island and on Nitinat Lake. | Nitinat (Ditinat, Didinaht, Nitinaht). | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | Dictionary. Grammar. | Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| nop | Numanggang | 2,262 (2000 census). Few monolinguals. | Morobe Province, Lae District, north Nadzab. 10 villages. A few also in Lae, Mt. Hagen, and Rabaul. | East Numanggang, West Numanggang. | Vigorous. In towns more Tok Pisin is used. All domains, in town meetings, church, local commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. The younger generation mainly speak Tok Pisin, and the older generation speak some Kâte as second language. Some also speak some English, Nakama, Nabak, or German. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 25%. Bible portions: 1984–1994. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 25%. Bible portions: 1984–1994. | |
| nos | Yi, Southern | 470,000 (2002). | Yunnan, in Shiping, Jianshui, Tonghai, Gejiu, Kaiyuan, Mengzi, Pingbian, and Hekou counties. | Degree of similarity with Eshan-Xinping Yi and Yuanjiang-Mojiang Yi may warrant investigation. | Vigorous. In towns more Tok Pisin is used. All domains, in town meetings, church, local commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. The younger generation mainly speak Tok Pisin, and the older generation speak some Kâte as second language. Some also speak some English, Nakama, Nabak, or German. | There is a traditional orthography for Southern Yi, related to but distinct from the traditional orthographies used by some other Yi languages. Few people nowadays can read this orthography. | There is a traditional orthography for Southern Yi, related to but distinct from the traditional orthographies used by some other Yi languages. Few people nowadays can read this orthography. | |
| not | Nomatsiguenga | 6,500 (2003 SIL). 5,500 to 6,000 monolinguals. | Departamento de Junín, between the rivers Ene and Perene, and Anapati River system in the foothills. | Closest to Machiguenga. | Official language. All ages. Bilingual level estimates for Spanish: 0 5%, 1 15%, 2 30%, 3 25%, 4 20%, 5 5%; Asháninca: 0 5%, 1 10%, 2 15%, 3 20%, 4 25%, 5 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 35% to 40%. Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1980. | Literacy rate in first language: 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 35% to 40%. Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1980. | |
| nou | Ewage-Notu | 12,900 (1988 SIL). | Oro Province, Popondetta District, on the coast between Bakumbari and Pongani. | Ewage-Notu, Yega (Gona, Okeina, Okena). | Official language. All ages. Bilingual level estimates for Spanish: 0 5%, 1 15%, 2 30%, 3 25%, 4 20%, 5 5%; Asháninca: 0 5%, 1 10%, 2 15%, 3 20%, 4 25%, 5 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. NT: 1987. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. NT: 1987. | |
| noy | Noy | 36 (1993 census). | South, Moyen-Chari Prefecture, Sarh and Koumra subprefectures, in the area between Sarh, Djoli, Bédaya, Koumra, and Koumogo villages. | Ewage-Notu, Yega (Gona, Okeina, Okena). | Boyd (1989) indicates speakers are shifting to Sar. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. NT: 1987. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. NT: 1987. | |
| noz | Nayi | 3,656 (1998 census). 1,137 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 4,005 (1998 census). | Decha Awraja, Kafa Region, and scattered in other parts of Kafa. The nearest town is Bonga. A few in Dulkuma village of the Shoa Bench Wereda, and Aybera, Kosa, and Jomdos villages of Sheko Wereda. | Related to Dizi, Sheko. Lexical similarity 58% with Dizi. | 1,876 second-language speakers. Speakers are adults. Young people speak only Kafa. Kafa is the trade language. | Literacy rate in second language: 6.5%. | Literacy rate in second language: 6.5%. | |
| npa | Nar Phu | 533 (1988 Pohle). | Gandaki Zone, Manang District, Nar Valley north of Manang Valley, Nar (Nargaon) and Phu (Phugaon) villages. | Nar (Nar-Mä, Lower Nar), Phu (Nar-Tö, Upper Nar). | Many men are fluent in Tibetan. | Many men are literate in Classical Tibetan. | Many men are literate in Classical Tibetan. | |
| npb | Nupbikha | No estimate available. | Around Trongsa town. | Related to Bumthangkha. Has phonological similarities to Khengkha. | Speakers view their language as different from Bumthangkha. | Many men are literate in Classical Tibetan. | Many men are literate in Classical Tibetan. | |
| nph | Naga, Phom | 34,000 (1997). | Northeastern Nagaland, Tuensang District, Longleng Subdivision, 36 villages. | Yongyasha. Close to Konyak. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin. | Literacy rate in second language: 35% adults. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1978. | Literacy rate in second language: 35% adults. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1978. | |
| npo | Naga, Pochuri | 13,000 (1997). | Southeast Nagaland. All 27 villages are in the Meluri Subdivision of Phek District. | Yongyasha. Close to Konyak. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin. | Literacy rate in second language: 39% (Singh). Roman script. NT: 1994. | Literacy rate in second language: 39% (Singh). Roman script. NT: 1994. | |
| nps | Nipsan | 2,500 (1993 Doriot). | Jayawijaya, Kurima, just west of Hmanggona. | Lexical similarity 78% with Yale, Kosarek, 59% with Nalca. | Used in religious services. | NT: 1975. | NT: 1975. | |
| npu | Naga, Puimei | 3,000 in Manipur (2001). Ethnic population: 3,000. | Manipur; Assam. | Different from Poumei (Breton 1997:217). Not functionally intelligible with any related language (Khasung). Lexical similarity 68% with Inpui Naga. | Used in religious services. | NT: 1975. | NT: 1975. | |
| npy | Napu | 6,000 (1995). | Central Sulawesi, Lore Utara Subdistrict, Napu Valley, 10 villages. | Closest to Besoa. | 60% of parents pass it on to the children. Some or most domains. Napu hymns, work announcements. Napu people are at least mildly supportive of the Napu language. Nearly all speakers use Indonesian as second language with varying proficiency. Indonesian is used for writing, at government offices, for town meetings, for religious services, but Napu is also used for these purposes. | Interest in Napu literature is high. NT: 2000. | Interest in Napu literature is high. NT: 2000. | |
| nqg | Ede Nago | 200,000 (2002 SIL). | Southeastern Benin, Plateau Province (formerly northern half of Weme Province), Ketou, Pobe, Adja-Ouere, Ifangni, and Sakete subprefectures. | A member of the Ede language cluster. Lexical similarity 87 to 91% with Yoruba of Porto-Novo. | French used in schools, Yoruba or French used in some government offices, and churches use primarily Yoruba with some French, Nago, or both. Yoruba has been being used for government literacy program since 1978 and since 1995 the program has been expanded to include post-literacy. 100% comprehension of Yoruba narrative text. | Roman script. | Roman script. | |
| nqk | Ede Nago, Kura | 25,000 (2002 SIL). | Donga Province (formerly southern half of Atakora Province), Bassila Subprefecture. Aledjo Koura is main center. | A member of the Ede language cluster. Lexical similarity 78% with Ife of Tchetti, 76% with Manigri-Kambole Ede Nago, 68% with Yoruba of Porto-Novo, 65% with Ede Nago. | All domains. Speakers also use Tem, French, or Lukpa. | Roman script. | Roman script. | |
| nqm | Ndom | 1,200 (2002 SIL). | Kolopom (Frederik Hendrik) Island. | Closest to Kimaama, Riantana. | All domains. Speakers also use Tem, French, or Lukpa. | Roman script. | Roman script. | |
| nqn | Nen | 250 (2002 SIL). | Western Province, Morehead District, Bimadeben village, between Nambo and Idi languages. | Closest to Kimaama, Riantana. | All domains. Speakers also use Tem, French, or Lukpa. | Roman script. | Roman script. | |
| nrb | Nara | 80,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). | In and north of Barentu, western Eritrea, adjoining Kunama territory which is to the south. | Considerable dialect variation within the four main groups: Higir, Mogareb, Koyta, Santora. Little intelligibility of Kunama. | They use Tigré for intercommunication, or Arabic. The Koyta use Kunama. | Roman script. | Roman script. | |
| nre | Naga, Southern Rengma | 21,000 (1997). | West central Nagaland, Kohima District, Tseminyu subdivision; Assam; Manipur. Tseminyu is the main center for the principal dialect. | Keteneneyu, Azonyu (Nzonyu, Southern Rengma). Tseminyu is the main center for the principal dialect. Southern Rengma and Northern Rengma are reported to be inherently unintelligible to each other's speakers. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin or English. | Literacy in Rengma is higher among older people. Young people are learning English. Roman script. Bible: 2000. | Literacy in Rengma is higher among older people. Young people are learning English. Roman script. Bible: 2000. | |
| nri | Naga, Chokri | 24,000 (2001). Ethnic population: 24,000. | Nagaland, Phek District, Cheswezumi is the main village. | Keteneneyu, Azonyu (Nzonyu, Southern Rengma). Tseminyu is the main center for the principal dialect. Southern Rengma and Northern Rengma are reported to be inherently unintelligible to each other's speakers. | Some bilingual ability in Angami Naga and English. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nrl | Ngarluma | 70 (1970 C.G. von Brandenstein). | Western Australia, northwest coast around Roebourne and inland. | Keteneneyu, Azonyu (Nzonyu, Southern Rengma). Tseminyu is the main center for the principal dialect. Southern Rengma and Northern Rengma are reported to be inherently unintelligible to each other's speakers. | Speakers are shifting to English. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nrm | Narom | 2,420 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | South of the mouth of the Baram River around Miri and to the south. | Narom, Miri. | Speakers are shifting to English. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nrn | Norn | Extinct. | Shetland and Orkney Islands. | Narom, Miri. | Became extinct after the islands were ceded to Scotland in the 15th century. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nrr | Norra | 6,207 (2000 WCD). | Myanmar-Tibet border. | Nora, Byabe, Kizolo. Lama (3,000) may be a dialect. | Became extinct after the islands were ceded to Scotland in the 15th century. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nrx | Ngurmbur | 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Northern Territory, Arnhem Land, between West and South Alligator rivers, northeast of Umbugarla. | Nora, Byabe, Kizolo. Lama (3,000) may be a dialect. | Became extinct after the islands were ceded to Scotland in the 15th century. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | Literacy rate in second language: 27% English or Angami Naga. Roman script. | |
| nsa | Naga, Sangtam | 39,000 (1997). | Southeast Nagaland, Tuensang District, Kiphire Subdivision and Chare Circle. | Kizare, Pirr (Northern Sangtam), Phelongre, Thukumi (Central Sangtam), Photsimi, Purr (Southern Sangtam). Standard is based on Tsadanger village dialect (Singh). Kizare spoken north of Meluri. It is not known how much it differs from other Sangtam. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin, Ao, Hindi, or English. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | |
| nsc | Nshi | No estimate available. | Taraba State, Sardauna LGA, Antere, Nkiri. | Kizare, Pirr (Northern Sangtam), Phelongre, Thukumi (Central Sangtam), Photsimi, Purr (Southern Sangtam). Standard is based on Tsadanger village dialect (Singh). Kizare spoken north of Meluri. It is not known how much it differs from other Sangtam. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin, Ao, Hindi, or English. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | |
| nsg | Ngasa | 200 to 300 (1983). Ethnic population: 4,285 (2000 WCD). | Eastern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. | Lexical similarity 60% with Maasai, 59% with Samburu, 58% with Chamus. | Use began to diminish in the 1950s. Members of the ethnic group speak Chaga. Speakers are older adults. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | |
| nsi | Nigerian Sign Language | No estimate available. | Eastern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. | Lexical similarity 60% with Maasai, 59% with Samburu, 58% with Chamus. | Use began to diminish in the 1950s. Members of the ethnic group speak Chaga. Speakers are older adults. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | Literacy rate in second language: 20% Assamese, English. Bible: 1995. | |
| nsk | Naskapi | 1,177. Population includes 677 Western Naskapi, 500 Eastern Naskapi (1996 Ministere de la Sante el des Services Sociaux). 9,070 first-language speakers of Naskapi and Montagnais (1998 Statistics Canada). Ethnic population: 1,177 (1996). | 2 communities in Quebec and Labrador. Those in Kawawachikamach are about 10 km northeast of Schefferville in northeastern Quebec at the height of land (watershed). On December 15, 2002 most of the Mushuau Innu moved from Utshimassits (Davis Inlet) to Natuashish on the mainland. Natuashish is an isolated community in Labrador. | Western Naskapi, Eastern Naskapi (Mushuau Innu). | Vigorous in both dialects. Slow shift occurring to English. Western Naskapi as language of instruction in school at Kawawachikamach, elsewhere as a subject in school in lower grades, taught as a subject up to secondary level. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50%. Taught in primary schools. Cree syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50%. Taught in primary schools. Cree syllabary. Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| nsl | Norwegian Sign Language | 4,000 (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). | 2 communities in Quebec and Labrador. Those in Kawawachikamach are about 10 km northeast of Schefferville in northeastern Quebec at the height of land (watershed). On December 15, 2002 most of the Mushuau Innu moved from Utshimassits (Davis Inlet) to Natuashish on the mainland. Natuashish is an isolated community in Labrador. | Holmestrand, Oslo, Trondheim. Intelligible with Danish and Swedish sign languages with only moderate difficulty. Not intelligible with Finnish Sign Language. | Used since 1815. The first deaf school was begun in 1825, first club in 1878. It is passed to the next generation mainly through the schools. 3 dialects are associated with 3 schools. Signed Norwegian is used by teachers; pupils use Norwegian Sign Language among themselves. Signed interpretation required in court, provided some for college students, in mental health programs. Sign language instruction provided for parents of deaf children. Many classes for hearing people. There is a committee on national sign language. There is a manual system for spelling. | Films. TV. Videos. | Films. TV. Videos. | |
| nsm | Naga, Sumi | 132,000 (1997). | Central and southern Nagaland, Zunheboto, Kohima, Mokokchung, Tuensang districts; Assam, Tinsukia District, seven villages. Dayang is spoken near the Dayang River. | Dayang (Western Sumi), Lazemi, Zhimomi, Zumomi. | Speakers also use Naga Pidgin, Angami, Ao, Lotha, English, or Hindi. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | |
| nsp | Nepalese Sign Language | 5,743 (2001 census). | Central and southern Nagaland, Zunheboto, Kohima, Mokokchung, Tuensang districts; Assam, Tinsukia District, seven villages. Dayang is spoken near the Dayang River. | Developed from local signs and introduced signs. Related to Indian and Pakistan Sign Languages. | Used by USA Peace Corps. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | |
| nsq | Miwok, Northern Sierra | 6 (1994 L. Hinton). | California, upper valleys of Mokelumne and Calaveras rivers. | A separate language from other Miwok varieties. | Members of the ethnic group now speak English. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | |
| nsr | Maritime Sign Language | No estimate available. | Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. | A separate language from other Miwok varieties. | Remembered only by older deaf people. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% Assamese, English. Roman script. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 2000. | |
| nst | Naga, Tase | 45,000 in India (2001 Chamchang). | Southeastern Arunachal Pradesh, Changlang District, Eastern Hills, Tirap River valley and Namchik area; Assam. | Have (Havoy), Higsho, Higtsii, Kimsing (Khemsing, Chamchang), Longphi (Longkhi), Lungchang, Lungri, Miti, Moklum, Mosang, Mungray (Morang), Ngemu, Ponthai, Rongrang, Ronrang (Poerah), Sangche, Sangwal, Sanke (Shangge, Sechu), Taipi, Tikhak, Tonglim, Yogli (Jugli), Yongkuk (Yukok). | Tase Naga is the language of the home, village. All ages. Positive language attitude. Most know market Hindi and Assamese. Assamese is preferred over Hindi. Only educated can speak Burmese, English, or Singpho fluently. | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | |
| nsz | Nisenan | 1 (1994 L. Hinton). | Central California, scattered, foothills of the Sierras. | A separate language from other Maidu varieties. | One older adult speaker. Members of the ethnic group now speak English. | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | |
| nti | Natioro | 2,400 (1991 Vanderaa). | Léraba Province, Sindou Subdistrict, extreme west, almost due west of Banfora, around the town of Sindou; and in Dinaoro, Timba, and Kawara. The presence of Natioro in Mali or Côte d'Ivoire is unconfirmed. | Kaouara-Timba-Sindou-Koroni, Ginaourou. Similar to Wara but not inherently intelligible. | All ages. They live among the Jula, Sénoufo. Blacksmiths are quite bilingual in Jula. | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | Literacy rate in second language: 8.8% (male 14.8%, female 3.2%) (Muanthanga 1997) or 70% (Chamchang 2001). | |
| ntj | Ngaanyatjarra | 1,200 (1995 D. Hackett). | Warburton Ranges, Western Australia. | Kaouara-Timba-Sindou-Koroni, Ginaourou. Similar to Wara but not inherently intelligible. | Speakers also use English. | Literacy rate in first language: 11%. Grammar. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 11%. Grammar. NT: 1991. | |
| ntp | Tepehuan, Northern | 8,000 (1990 census). | Southern Chihuahua, Baborigame area. | Related to Pima Bajo, Tohono O'odham, Southern Tepehuán. | Bilingual level estimates for Spanish: 0 15%, 1 15%, 2 20%, 3 35%, 4 10%, 5 5%. Some speakers also use Tarahumara. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | |
| nts | Natagaimas | Extinct. | Tolima Region. | Related to Pima Bajo, Tohono O'odham, Southern Tepehuán. | Has not been spoken for several generations. Members of the ethnic group now speak Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | |
| ntw | Nottoway | Extinct. | Formerly in Southampton County, Virginia. | Related to Pima Bajo, Tohono O'odham, Southern Tepehuán. | Extinct around 1958. Members of the ethnic group now speak English. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | Literacy rate in first language: 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 35%. Dictionary. NT: 1982. | |
| nty | Mantsi | 1,100 (2002 Edmondson). | Hà Giang Province at Meo Vac and Dong Van districts. | Called 'Southeast Vernacular' type of Yi. May be related to what is called Southeastern Yi or Guizhou Yi in China. Not intelligible with Sichuan Yi (Nosu). | Extinct around 1958. Members of the ethnic group now speak English. | Yi script. | Yi script. | |
| ntz | Natanzi | 7,033 (2000 WCD). | Esfahan Province: Natanz, on the Esfahan-Kashan Road. | Natanzi may be part of a larger complex of Esfahan Province dialects including Yarani (Yarandi) and Farizandi. | Extinct around 1958. Members of the ethnic group now speak English. | Yi script. | Yi script. | |
| nuc | Nukuini | Extinct. | Acre, northwestern, from the upper Mõa to the Rio Sungarú in Juruá. | Cuyanawa. | They have used mainly Portuguese for 3 generations. Some older people remember a little of the language. | Yi script. | Yi script. | |
| nud | Ngala | 178 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, one village in Ambunti District. | Cuyanawa. | They have used mainly Portuguese for 3 generations. Some older people remember a little of the language. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| nuf | Nusu | 7,500 (1999 Sun Hongkai). 1,000 monolinguals (mainly older adults). Population includes 2,000 in Northern Nusu, 3,000 in Southern Nusu, and 4,000 in Central Nusu. | Lushui and Fugong counties in Nujiang Lusu Autonomous Prefecture of northwestern Yunnan. | Northern Nusu (Wawa-Kongtong), Southern Nusu (Guoke-Puluo), Central Nusu (Zhizhiluo-Laomudeng). May be Nungish or a variety of Yi (Matisoff et al. 1996:74). The 3 'dialects' listed above are not inherently intelligible to one another's speakers. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Intellectuals want to preserve it. About 7,000 use Lisu or Chinese as second languages, mainly Lisu. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| nug | Nungali | 2 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Upper Daly River area, Northern Territory. | Northern Nusu (Wawa-Kongtong), Southern Nusu (Guoke-Puluo), Central Nusu (Zhizhiluo-Laomudeng). May be Nungish or a variety of Yi (Matisoff et al. 1996:74). The 3 'dialects' listed above are not inherently intelligible to one another's speakers. | Vigorous. All domains. All ages. Intellectuals want to preserve it. About 7,000 use Lisu or Chinese as second languages, mainly Lisu. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| nun | Nung | 390 in China (1999 Sun Hongkai). Almost no monolinguals. Ethnic population: 500 in China (1999 Sun Hongkai). | Middle reaches of Nu (Salween) River, Yunnan. Along the border region of Fugong County in the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, 7 hamlets: Mugujia, Hashi, Muleng, Lagagong, Ani, Qia, Lahaigong in Mugujia village, administrative region of Shangpa Township. | Cholo, Gwaza, Miko. | Used in the home. Used in all domains among the older adults. Speakers are older adults. Indifferent language attitude. A few leaders are concerned about its loss. Most also speak Lisu. About 100 speak Nung, Lisu, or Chinese. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| nuo | Nguôn | 2,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Minh Hoa District, northeastern Quang Binh Province. | Diffloth (1992) groups Nguon as a separate language close to Vietnamese, but Doi (1996) and Ferlus (1996) group it with Muong. | Used in the home. Used in all domains among the older adults. Speakers are older adults. Indifferent language attitude. A few leaders are concerned about its loss. Most also speak Lisu. About 100 speak Nung, Lisu, or Chinese. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| nup | Nupe-Nupe-Tako | 800,000 (1990). | Niger State, Mariga, Gbako, Agaie, and Lapai LGAs; Kwara State, Edu LGA; KoGi State, Kogi LGA; Federal Capital Territory. | Nupe Central (Nife, Anupe, Nupecizi, Nupencizi, Ampeyi, Anupecwayi, Anuperi, Tapa, Tappah, Takpa), Nupe Tako (Bassa Nge). Nupe Central has become the literary norm. | Trade language. A regionally important language. 200,000 second-language speakers (1999 WA). | Literacy rate in second language: 60%. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1953–1989. | Literacy rate in second language: 60%. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1953–1989. | |
| nus | Nuer | 64,907 in Ethiopia (1998 census). 61,640 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 64,534 (1998 census). | Along the Baro River, in Gambela Region. | Eastern Nuer (Ji, Kany, Jikany, Door, Abigar). | 1,122 second-language speakers. Speakers also use Arabic. | Literacy rate in second language: 7.9%. | Literacy rate in second language: 7.9%. | |
| nut | Nung | A few in Laos. | Mainly in Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces. A number of Nung now live in Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Lam Dong, and Dac Lac. Also spoken in Australia, Canada, Laos, USA. | Xuòng, Giang, Nùng An, Nùng Phan Slình (Nùng Fan Slihng), Nùng Cháo, Nùng Lòi, Nùng Qúy Rin (Guiren), Khen Lài, Nùng Inh. Close to Tày and Southern Zhuang (Ningming, Longzhou varieties). Dialect cluster with Southern Zhuang in China. | Members of the ethnic group have preserved the language and culture more than the Tày. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | |
| nuu | Ngbundu | 16,000 (1984 census). | Equateur Province, Sud Ubangi, Libenge Territory. Northern group is north of Libenge from the Boyabo crossroads east to Budu and north to Oro. Southern group is south of Libenge, mixed with Mbandja and other language groups. Not in Central African Republic. | Xuòng, Giang, Nùng An, Nùng Phan Slình (Nùng Fan Slihng), Nùng Cháo, Nùng Lòi, Nùng Qúy Rin (Guiren), Khen Lài, Nùng Inh. Close to Tày and Southern Zhuang (Ningming, Longzhou varieties). Dialect cluster with Southern Zhuang in China. | Bilingual in Lingala. Use of Mono, Mbandja, or Ngbaka is receptive only. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | |
| nuw | Nguluwan | 50 (2000 Osamu Sakiyama). | Ngulu atoll, between the Yap Islands and Belau Islands. | Phonology from Ulithian and grammar and lexicon from Yapese. | Speakers are shifting to Yapese. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | Literacy rate in first language: 1% to 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible portions: 1971–1975. | |
| nux | Mehek | 6,300 (1994 SIL). | Sandaun Province, Nuku District, Makru-Klaplei area, lower foothills of Torricelli Mountains, southeast of Siliput. 9 large villages. | Lexical similarity 51% with Pahi (closest). | Vigorous. Used in the home and village life. Positive language attitude. Speakers also use Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| nuy | Nunggubuyu | 300 (1991 M. Hore ANG). 400 partial- or second-language speakers. | Numbulwar, east Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. | Not intelligible with other languages. | Most Ritharrngu speakers around Numbulwar understand it fairly well. Children understand Nunggubuyu, but speak Kriol. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1946–1993. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1946–1993. | |
| nuz | Nahuatl, Tlamacazapa | 1,548 (1990 census). 12 monolinguals. | Tlamacazapa, 1 hour from Taxco on a good road. | Different from Morelos Nahuatl and Guerrero Nahuatl. 79% inherent intelligibility of Guerrero. | Some young children are speakers. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1946–1993. | Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1946–1993. | |
| nvm | Namiae | 1,200 (2003 SIL). | Inland Oro Province, Afore District, on the Managalas Plateau, Kuae, Kokoro, Tahama, Sorefuna, Ubuvara villages. | Different from Morelos Nahuatl and Guerrero Nahuatl. 79% inherent intelligibility of Guerrero. | Some young children are speakers. | NT: 2003. | NT: 2003. | |
| nwa | Nawathinehena | Extinct. | Formerly spoken among the Arapaho. | Different from Morelos Nahuatl and Guerrero Nahuatl. 79% inherent intelligibility of Guerrero. | Some young children are speakers. | NT: 2003. | NT: 2003. | |
| nwb | Nyabwa | 42,700 (1993 SIL). Population includes 32,500 Nyabwa, 7,700 Nyedebwa, 2,500 Kouzié. | West Central Department, northwest corner, subprefectures of Vavoua (Nyedebwa), Issia, Buyo, Zoukougbeu (Nyabwa), Daloua. | Nyabwa, Nyedebwa (Niédéboua). Lexical similarity 90% between Nyabwa and Nyedebwa, 74% to 80% between them and Guéré and Wobe dialects. | Speakers also use French, Dioula, Guéré, Wobe, or Biti. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nwi | Tanna, Southwest | 2,250 (1983 SIL). | Southwest Tanna Island. | Nowai, Nvhal. A complex dialect chain (Wurm and Hattori). | Speakers also use French, Dioula, Guéré, Wobe, or Biti. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nwm | Nyamusa-Molo | 1,200 Nyamusa (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). | Southern Sudan, western Equatoria Province, southeast of Beli, northeast of Morokodo. | Nyamusa, Molo. Lexical similarity 84% between Nyamusa and Molo, 70% to 75% with Jur Modo dialect cluster. | Speakers also use French, Dioula, Guéré, Wobe, or Biti. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nwr | Nawaru | 190 (1990 SIL). | Oro Province, around upper Musa River valley. | Very close to Yareba. | Speakers also use Hiri Motu or Yareba. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nxa | Nauete | 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 1,000. | South coast, eastern tip of Timor Island, west of Tiomar. The main town is Uato Lari. | Naumik, Oso Moko. Not closely related to any other language. Many loanwords from Trans-New Guinea languages like Makasae. | Vigorous. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nxe | Nage | 50,000 (1993 Forth). | Central Flores, northeast of Ngad'a, on the northern and western slopes of Ebu Lobo volcano. | Naumik, Oso Moko. Not closely related to any other language. Many loanwords from Trans-New Guinea languages like Makasae. | Vigorous. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. NT: 1991. | |
| nxg | Ngad'a | 60,000 (1995). | South central Flores, between Manggarai and Ende and Li'o. | Central Ngada, Bajawa, South Ngada. Dialect diversity. | Vigorous. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| nxj | Nyadu | 9,000. | West and north Kalimantan, Landak, tributary of Sambas River. | Central Ngada, Bajawa, South Ngada. Dialect diversity. | Vigorous. | Bible portions: 1952. | Bible portions: 1952. | |
| nxl | Nuaulu, South | 1,500 (1995 SIL). | 6 villages on the south coast and interior of Amahai District, Seram Island, central Maluku. | Lexical similarity 67% with North Nuaulu, 50% with South Wemale, Hulung, and Naka'ela, 48% with Saleman. | Vigorous. Many also use Sepa. Some do not speak Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Bible portions: 1991–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Bible portions: 1991–1995. | |
| nxn | Ngawun | 1 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Queensland, southwest of Croydon, between Flinders River and Norman River. | Lexical similarity 67% with North Nuaulu, 50% with South Wemale, Hulung, and Naka'ela, 48% with Saleman. | Vigorous. Many also use Sepa. Some do not speak Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Bible portions: 1991–1995. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Bible portions: 1991–1995. | |
| nxr | Ninggerum | 1,000 in Indonesia. | Border area and in Papua New Guinea between the Ok Birim and Ok Tedi rivers. | Kasuwa, Daupka. | Vigorous. All domains. Used in preschool and first 2 grades, oral use in religious services, songs, local commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. 10% can speak Hiri Motu, 5% English, 50% Tok Pisin, 5% also speak neighboring languages (Yongkom, Faiwol, Telefol). | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| nxu | Narau | 80 to 90 (2000 Wurm). | Kecamatan Kaureh, Jayapura area. | Kasuwa, Daupka. | Vigorous. All domains. Used in preschool and first 2 grades, oral use in religious services, songs, local commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. 10% can speak Hiri Motu, 5% English, 50% Tok Pisin, 5% also speak neighboring languages (Yongkom, Faiwol, Telefol). | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| nxx | Nafri | 1,630 (1975 SIL). | Nafri village, southeast end of Yotafa Bay, Jayapura area. | Kasuwa, Daupka. | Vigorous. All domains. Used in preschool and first 2 grades, oral use in religious services, songs, local commerce. All ages. Positive language attitude. 10% can speak Hiri Motu, 5% English, 50% Tok Pisin, 5% also speak neighboring languages (Yongkom, Faiwol, Telefol). | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| nyb | Nyangbo | 6,400 (2003). | Southeast Ghana. | People who have had no contact with Tafi had 67% intelligibility of it on tests; people 30 to 50 years old had nearly perfect comprehension. There are reported to be only phonological differences. | A population sample averaged 72% comprehension of Éwé mixed discourse types. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| nyh | Nyigina | 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Lower Fitzroy River, Western Australia. | People who have had no contact with Tafi had 67% intelligibility of it on tests; people 30 to 50 years old had nearly perfect comprehension. There are reported to be only phonological differences. | Children speak Kriol or Aboriginal English as first language. Most speak Walmatjari, Kriol, or English as second language. | Dictionary. Grammar. | Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| nyi | Ama | 70,000 (1982 SIL). | Northern Sudan, Kordofan Province, northwest of Dilling on range of hills of which Jebel Nyimang is a part, and on the Mandal range. | Lexical similarity 59% with Afitti. | Education is in Arabic. | Bible portions: 1950. | Bible portions: 1950. | |
| nyl | Nyeu | 200. | Sisaket. | Lexical similarity 59% with Afitti. | Education is in Arabic. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| nyp | Nyang'i | Extinct. Ethnic population: 100 or fewer. | Eastern Uganda. | A separate language from Ik. | Members of the ethnic group now speak Dodos (Karamojong). | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60