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| code | name_en | population | region | name_alt | dialects | language_use | development | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kmd | Kalinga, Madukayang | 1,500 (1990 SIL). | Southern Mountain Province, Luzon. | 83% intelligibility of Limos and Balangao, 86% of Mangali. Lexical similarity 80% with Tanudan Kalinga, 68% with Limos, 65% with Balangao, 80% with Mangali. | A population sample averaged 68% comprehension on an Ilocano narrative test. | Magazines. Dictionary. | Magazines. Dictionary. | |
| kmf | Kare | 384 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Madang Province. | 83% intelligibility of Limos and Balangao, 86% of Mangali. Lexical similarity 80% with Tanudan Kalinga, 68% with Limos, 65% with Balangao, 80% with Mangali. | A population sample averaged 68% comprehension on an Ilocano narrative test. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. | |
| kmg | Kâte | 6,125 (1978 McElhanon). | Morobe Province, Finschhafen District. | Magobineng (Bamota), Wamora (Wamola), Wemo, Parec, Wana. Those listed as dialects may be separate languages. | Used by Lutherans as a religious language in the area for 80,000 (1980 UBS). | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible: 1978. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. Bible: 1978. | |
| kmh | Kalam | 15,000 (1991 SIL). | Madang Province, Ramu District, and in Western Highlands Province, Hagen District, along the north side of the Jimi River into the Kaironk Valley. | Related to Gants, Kobon. | Used by Lutherans as a religious language in the area for 80,000 (1980 UBS). | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | |
| kmi | Kami | 5,000 (1992 Crozier and Blench). | Niger State, Lapai LGA, Ebo town, and 11 villages. | Related to Gants, Kobon. | Used by Lutherans as a religious language in the area for 80,000 (1980 UBS). | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | |
| kmj | Kumarbhag Paharia | 20,179 (2000 WCD). Population includes several thousand in West Bengal. | Jharkhand, central part of former Santhal Pargana District, Sundar Pahari Block of Godda District, and all but southernmost block of Pakaur District. Reported in at least Bankura, Barddhaman, and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal; Orissa, Mayurbhanj. | Low comprehension of Mal Paharia. Related to Kurux. Lexical similarity 80% with Mal Paharia. | Vigorous. All domains. Positive language attitude. Low bilingualism in Hindi and Bengali. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Grammar. NT: 1992. | |
| kmk | Kalinga, Limos | 20,000 (1977 SIL). | Luzon, Kalinga-Apayao Province. | Low comprehension of Mal Paharia. Related to Kurux. Lexical similarity 80% with Mal Paharia. | Vigorous. All domains. Positive language attitude. Low bilingualism in Hindi and Bengali. | Literacy rate in first language: 55%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. Bible portions: 1977–1985. | Literacy rate in first language: 55%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. Bible portions: 1977–1985. | |
| kml | Kalinga, Lower Tanudan | 11,243 (1998 SIL). Under 10% monolinguals. | Luzon, southern Kalinga Province. | Minangali, Tinaloctoc, Pinangol. Intelligibility of Limos Kalinga 79%, Guinaang 66%. Lexical similarity 97% with Pangul, 80% with Madukayang. | Positive language attitude. Speakers also use Ilocano, English, or Tagalog. | Literacy rate in first language: 82%. Literacy rate in second language: 82%. Roman script. Bible portions: 1980. | Literacy rate in first language: 82%. Literacy rate in second language: 82%. Roman script. Bible portions: 1980. | |
| kmm | Kom | 5,000 (2003). | East and central Manipur, Churachandandpur, Tamenglong, and Senapati districts, 22 villages. | Kolhreng. Kolhreng may be a separate language. | Speakers of Aimol, Koireng, and Chiru also understand Kom. Fluent in Meitei (Singh). | Literacy rate in second language: 42% (1981 census). Roman script. Newspapers. Dictionary. Bible: 1996. | Literacy rate in second language: 42% (1981 census). Roman script. Newspapers. Dictionary. Bible: 1996. | |
| kmn | Awtuw | 506 (2003 SIL). | Sandaun Province. | Related to Karawa, Pouye. | Speakers of Aimol, Koireng, and Chiru also understand Kom. Fluent in Meitei (Singh). | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| kmo | Kwoma | 3,000 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, Ambunti District, along the Sepik River, along the Sanchi River, 12 villages. | Kwoma (Washkuk), Nukuma. | Speakers of Aimol, Koireng, and Chiru also understand Kom. Fluent in Meitei (Singh). | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1975. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1975. | |
| kmq | Kwama | 15,000 (1982 SIL). | Along Sudan border in southern Beni Shangul Region, from south of Asosa to Gidami, and in Gambela and Bonga. 19 villages, including one (Yabus) in Sudan. | Kwoma (Washkuk), Nukuma. | Vigorous. Oromo is their second language. Arabic has some influence, and speakers have low to moderate proficiency in it. Amharic has little influence. | Literacy rate in second language: 68.4%. | Literacy rate in second language: 68.4%. | |
| kmr | Kurdish, Northern | 20,000 in Turkmenistan (1962 Bakaev). | Around Ashkhabad. | Mhallami (Mardinli). | Language of wider communication. Speakers also use Arabic. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. | |
| kms | Kamasau | 964 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, Wewak District. Segi is in Kamasau, Tring, and Wau villages, Hagi in Kenyari, Ghini in Yibab, Wandomi, and Wobu. | Hagi, Segi, Ghini. | Language of wider communication. Speakers also use Arabic. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. NT: 1998. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. Dictionary. NT: 1998. | |
| kmt | Kemtuik | 2,500 (1987 SIL). | West of Lake Sentani, villages of Mamdayawang, Meikari, Merem, Yanim, Braso, Aib, Sabransamon, Mamda, Sabeyap, Sabeyap Kecil, Sekorup, Aimbe, Sabron Yaru. East of Gresi language. | Lexical similarity 80% between Kemtuik and Gresi. | All ages. Speakers also use Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Bible portions: 1980–1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Bible portions: 1980–1993. | |
| kmu | Kanite | 8,000 (1991 SIL). | Eastern Highlands Province, Okapa District. | Close to Keyagana, Inoke-Yate. | All ages. Speakers also use Indonesian. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1980–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 25% to 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. NT: 1980–2002. | |
| kmv | Karipúna Creole French | 672 (1995 SIL). | Amapá, on French Guiana border. | There are conflicting reports about how different it is from Guianese Creole French. It is different from Haitian Creole. | Some speakers also use Portuguese. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| kmx | Waboda | 2,750 (2003 SIL). | Western Province, Wabuda Island, and the north bank of the Fly River mouth. Meipani, Tirere, Maduduo, Sagero, Wapi, Gesoa, Dameratamu, and Kabaturi villages. | There are conflicting reports about how different it is from Guianese Creole French. It is different from Haitian Creole. | Some speakers also use Portuguese. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. | |
| kmz | Khorasani Turkish | 400,000 (1977 Doerfer). | Northeast Iran, in the northern part of Khorasan Province, especially northwest of Mashhad. West dialect in Bojnurd Region; north dialect in Quchan Region (probably the largest), south dialect around Soltanabad near Sabzevar. | West Quchani (Northwest Quchani), North Quchani (Northeast Quchani), South Quchani. Midway linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, but not a dialect of either. Oghuz-Uzbek in Uzbekistan is reported to be a dialect. | Speakers also use Farsi. | Radio programs. | Radio programs. | |
| kna | Dera | 20,000 (1973 SIL). | Gongola State, Guyuk LGA; Borno State, Biu LGA. | Shani, Shellen, Gasi. | Some speakers use Hausa, Bura, Lala, Fulfulde, Longuda, or English as second language. | Many are educated. Most villages have primary schools. Grammar. Bible portions: 1937. | Many are educated. Most villages have primary schools. Grammar. Bible portions: 1937. | |
| knb | Kalinga, Lubuagan | 14,003 (2000 WCD). Ethnic population: 15,000. | Eastern Abra and Kalinga-Apayao provinces, Luzon. | Guinaang, Balbalasang, Lubuagan, Ableg-Salegseg, Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg). Intelligibility of Balbalasang 81%, Sumadel 82%, Limos 70%. Lexical similarity 81% with Balbalasang and Limos. | All domains except church. All ages. A population sample averaged 48% comprehension on Ilocano narrative. Educated people prefer English or Ilocano. | Literacy rate in first language: 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Taught in primary schools. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1970–1984. | Literacy rate in first language: 50%. Literacy rate in second language: 40%. Taught in primary schools. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 1970–1984. | |
| knc | Kanuri, Central | 195,000 in Sudan (1993 Johnstone). | Northern. | Dagara, Kaga (Kagama), Sugurti, Lare, Kwayam, Njesko, Kabari (Kuvuri), Ngazar, Guvja, Mao, Temageri, Fadawa, Maiduguri. | Official language. 500,000 second-language speakers. | Ajami script. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1997. | Ajami script. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1997. | |
| knd | Konda | 500 (1988 SIL). | Southwest Bird's Head along lower Waromge River south of Teminabuan, villages of Konda and Teminabuan District. | Lexical similarity 61% with Yahadian. | Official language. 500,000 second-language speakers. | Ajami script. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1997. | Ajami script. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1997. | |
| knf | Mankanya | 26,450 in Senegal (2002). | Scattered. | Burama (Bulama, Buram, Brame), Shadal (Sadar). | Official language. Speakers have a language association (PKUMEL), are developing an orthography and standardizing the language. Extensive bilingualism in Mandjak. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. | |
| knh | Kenyah, Kayan River | 6,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Northeast, Apo Kayan highlands where Kayan River begins, Iwan River, and around Longbia. | Lower Kayan Kenyah, Longbia, Kayaniyut Kenyah, Long Nawan, Long Kelawit. | Official language. Speakers have a language association (PKUMEL), are developing an orthography and standardizing the language. Extensive bilingualism in Mandjak. | NT: 1978. | NT: 1978. | |
| kni | Kanufi | 10,361 (2000 WCD). | Kaduna State, Jema'a LGA. | Lower Kayan Kenyah, Longbia, Kayaniyut Kenyah, Long Nawan, Long Kelawit. | Official language. Speakers have a language association (PKUMEL), are developing an orthography and standardizing the language. Extensive bilingualism in Mandjak. | NT: 1978. | NT: 1978. | |
| knj | Akateko | 10,100 in Mexico (1991 Schumann). 100 Western Kanjobal native to Mexico; 10,000 refugees. | Trinitaria, Comalapa, and Mazapa de Madero, Chiapas, and Quintana Roo. | Lower Kayan Kenyah, Longbia, Kayaniyut Kenyah, Long Nawan, Long Kelawit. | All ages. Few speakers also use Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | |
| knl | Keninjal | 35,000 (1990 UBS). | West central, Sayan and Melawi rivers, around Nangapinoh, Nangaella, Nangasayan, Gelalak. | Lower Kayan Kenyah, Longbia, Kayaniyut Kenyah, Long Nawan, Long Kelawit. | All ages. Few speakers also use Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | |
| knm | Kanamarí | 647 (1995 SIL). | Amazonas, upper regions of Jurua, Jutai, Itaquai rivers. | Tshom-Djapa (Txunhuã-Djapá, Txunhuã Dyapá). | All ages. Few speakers also use Spanish. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 10%. Literacy rate in second language: 20%. Taught in primary schools. NT: 1981. | |
| knn | Konkani | 4,000,000 (1999 WA). Population includes 99,000 Thakuri (1991). | North and central coastal strip of Maharashtra; Karnataka; Dadra and Nagar Haveli; Kerala. | Agari of Kolaba, Parabhi (Kayasthi, Damani), Koli, Kiristav, Dhanagari, Bhandari, Thakuri (Thakari, Thakri, Thakua, Thakura), Karhadi, Sangamesvari (Bakoti, Bankoti), Ghati (Maoli), Mahari (Dhed, Holia, Parvari). The dialects listed are closely related. Related to Katkari (Kathodi, Katvadi), Varli, Phudagi, Samvedi, Mangelas. | Official language. Some speak nonstandard Konkani. | Kannada script. Newspapers. Films. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1970. | Kannada script. Newspapers. Films. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1970. | |
| kno | Kono | 190,000 (1989 TISLL). | Northeast. | Northern Kono (Sando), Central Kono (Fiama, Gbane, Gbane Kando, Gbense, Gorama Kono, Kamara, Lei, Mafindo, Nimi Koro, Nimi Yama, Penguia, Soa, Tankoro, Toli). Not intelligible with Vai. The dialects have minor differences, and can use the same literature. | 25,000 second-language speakers (1981 Cranmer UBS). | Bible portions: 1919–1993. | Bible portions: 1919–1993. | |
| knq | Kintaq | 220 in Malaysia (2003 SIL). | Kedah-Perak border area, Thai border. Overlaps slightly into Southern Yala Province of Thailand. | Northern Kono (Sando), Central Kono (Fiama, Gbane, Gbane Kando, Gbense, Gorama Kono, Kamara, Lei, Mafindo, Nimi Koro, Nimi Yama, Penguia, Soa, Tankoro, Toli). Not intelligible with Vai. The dialects have minor differences, and can use the same literature. | 25,000 second-language speakers (1981 Cranmer UBS). | Bible portions: 1919–1993. | Bible portions: 1919–1993. | |
| knr | Kaningra | 300 (2000 Wurm). | East Sepik Province, Blackwater River just south of Kuvanmas Lake, 2 villages. | Northern Kono (Sando), Central Kono (Fiama, Gbane, Gbane Kando, Gbense, Gorama Kono, Kamara, Lei, Mafindo, Nimi Koro, Nimi Yama, Penguia, Soa, Tankoro, Toli). Not intelligible with Vai. The dialects have minor differences, and can use the same literature. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 5%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. | |
| kns | Kensiu | 300 in Thailand. | Southern Yala Province, Phattaloong, Satun, Narathiwat provinces, Thai-Malay border. Some in a resettlement camp in Yala. | Ijoh (Ijok), Jarum, Jeher (Sakai Tanjong of Temongoh), Kedah (Quedah), Plus, Ulu Selama, Kensiu Batu, Kensiu Siong, Kentaq Nakil. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| knt | Katukína, Panoan | 196 (1995 AMTB). | Amazonas, Acre. | Arara-Shawanawa (Shawanawa-Arara), Ararapina, Ararawa, Sanainawa (Saninawacana). Possibly intelligible with Marubo. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| knu | Kono | 90,000 (2001). | Southeast at Liberia border. | Lexical similarity 52% to 67% between Kpelle and Kono. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. | |
| knv | Tabo | 3,000 (2002 SIL). | Western Province, lower Aramia River villages of Waya, Saiwase, Galu, Alagi; Bamu River village of Alikinapi; lower Fly River villages of Kenedibi, Urio, and Wagumi-Sarau; Segero Creek village of Segero. | Aramia River, Fly River. The dialects have 60% lexical similarity, but nearly identical syntax and grammar. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 33%. Bible portions: 1990–2002. | Literacy rate in first language: 28%. Literacy rate in second language: 33%. Bible portions: 1990–2002. | |
| knw | Kung-Ekoka | 1,642 in Angola (2000 WCD). | Primarily Namibia, Okavango, and Ovamboland Territory. | Akhoe. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | |
| knx | Kendayan | 150,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Kalimantan Barat, northeast of Bengkayang in the Ledo area, extending into the jungle area of Madi and Papan. | Ambawang, Kendayan. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | |
| kob | Kohoroxitari | 622 (1976 RC). | Amazonas, Prelazia Rio Negro. | Ambawang, Kendayan. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | Bible portions: 1975–1980. | |
| kod | Kodi | 40,000 (1987 UBS). | West Sumba, Lesser Sundas. | Kodi Bokol, Kodi Bangedo, Nggaro (Nggaura). May be closest to Wejewa. | 40% of the ethnic group speaks Kaningra. Highly bilingual in Tok Pisin. | Bible portions: 1977. | Bible portions: 1977. | |
| koe | Kacipo-Balesi | 4,120 in Ethiopia (2000 WCD). | Southern Ethiopia-Sudan border, Boma Plateau in Sudan (Kacipo). | Balesi (Baale, Bale), Zilmamu (Silmamo, Zelmamu, Zulmamu, Tsilmano), Kacipo (Kachepo, Suri, Western Suri). | Some use Surma as second language. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 0.6%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 0.6%. | |
| kof | Kubi | Extinct. Ethnic population: 1,500 (1995 CAPRO). | Bauchi State, Gunjawa LGA, Kubi town. | Balesi (Baale, Bale), Zilmamu (Silmamo, Zelmamu, Zulmamu, Tsilmano), Kacipo (Kachepo, Suri, Western Suri). | Members of the ethnic group now speak Hausa. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 0.6%. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 0.6%. | |
| kog | Cogui | 9,770 (2000 SIL). Nearly all are monolingual. Ethnic population: 11,000 (1998 census). | Northern, eastern, and western slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. | Balesi (Baale, Bale), Zilmamu (Silmamo, Zelmamu, Zulmamu, Tsilmano), Kacipo (Kachepo, Suri, Western Suri). | Bilingual level estimates for Spanish: 0 92%, 1 7%, 2 1%, 3 0%, 4 0%, 5 0%. A few also speak Malayo. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. Bible portions. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: below 5%. Bible portions. | |
| koi | Komi-Permyak | 116,000 (1979 census). Ethnic population: 151,000. | Komi-Permyak National Okrug, west of the central Ural Mountains, south of Komi-Zyrian. | Zyudin, North Permyak (Kochin-Kam), South Permyak (Inyven). Possible difficulty in understanding among dialects. 80% cognate with Komi-Zyrian and Udmurt. | Speakers also use Russian. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | |
| koj | Sara Dunjo | 4,000 (1996). | Ndélé Subprefecture, close to the Chadian border. 9 villages. | May be the same as Kaba Na of Chad. May be intelligible with Sara. | Speakers also use Russian. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | |
| kol | Kol | 4,000 (1991 SIL). Population includes 1,300 Sui, Kol (1987). | East New Britain Province, Pomio District, inland from Open Bay to the coast at Waterfall Bay. Most are on the south side of the Island. | Sui, Kol (Nakgaktai). | Speakers also use Russian. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | |
| kop | Kwato | 778 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Madang Province. | Related to Uya, Ogea, Duduela, Rerau, Jilim, Yangulam. | Speakers also use Russian. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | Bible portions: 1866–1882. | |
| kor | Korean | 20,000,000 in North Korea (1986). | Bangkok. | Hamgyongdo (North Hamgyongdo, South Hamgyongdo), P'yong'ando (North P'yong'ando, South P'yong'ando), Hwanghaedo. | National language. | Literacy rate in first language: 98% (1995 est.). Higher adult illiteracy is reported on Cheju Island. Korean script (Hangul). Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1911–1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 98% (1995 est.). Higher adult illiteracy is reported on Cheju Island. Korean script (Hangul). Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1911–1993. | |
| kot | Lagwan | 10,000 in Cameroon (SIL 2003). All Kotoko languages: 167,471. | West, Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture, N'Djaména Subprefecture, south of N'Djaména along the Logone River, in the vicinity of Logone-Gana. | Logone-Birni, Logone-Gana (Kotoko-Gana). | National language. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| kou | Koke | 600 (1993 census). | Southeast, Guéra Prefecture, Melfi Subprefecture, southeast of Melfi; around Daguéla, Sengué, and Djourab villages. | Lexical similarity 60% with Bolgo Dugag. | The majority may be bilingual in Chadian Arabic or Fania. | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| kov | Kudu-Camo | 42 (1990 Michael Bross). | Bauchi State, Ningi LGA. | Kudu (Kuda), Camo (Chamo). Related to Butu-Ningi. A dialect cluster. | Speakers are shifting to Hausa (2000 Blench). | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| kox | Coxima | Extinct. | Bauchi State, Ningi LGA. | Kudu (Kuda), Camo (Chamo). Related to Butu-Ningi. A dialect cluster. | Speakers are shifting to Hausa (2000 Blench). | Grammar. | Grammar. | |
| koy | Koyukon | 300 (1995 Krauss). Ethnic population: 2,300 (1995 Krauss). | Alaska, Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers. | Kudu (Kuda), Camo (Chamo). Related to Butu-Ningi. A dialect cluster. | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | |
| koz | Korak | 512 (2003 SIL). | Madang Province. | Kudu (Kuda), Camo (Chamo). Related to Butu-Ningi. A dialect cluster. | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | |
| kpa | Kutto | 3,000 (1995). | Bauchi State, Bajoga LGA; Borno State, Gujba LGA, 2 villages. | Kudu (Kuda), Camo (Chamo). Related to Butu-Ningi. A dialect cluster. | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | Dictionary. Bible portions: 1974–1980. | |
| kpb | Kurumba, Mullu | 6,000 (1994 Singh). | Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District; Kerala, Wynad District. | Lexical similarity 34% to 41% with other Kurumba languages. | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | Favorable motivation toward literacy. | Favorable motivation toward literacy. | |
| kpc | Curripaco | 210 in Venezuela (1970 census). | Amazonas. | Korripako (Karupaka), Unhun (Cadauapuritana, Enhen). | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | NT: 1959. | NT: 1959. | |
| kpd | Koba | 600 (2000 J. Hughes). | Aru Islands, southeast Maluku, 3 villages on Baun and Fukarel islands bordering Dobel. The islands where Koba is spoken are to the southeast of Kobror Island, at the mouth of the Barakai Strait. | Southeast Koba. Low comprehension of Dobel. Lexical similarity 78% to 86% with Dobel. | Speakers are older adults. Speakers also use English. | NT: 1959. | NT: 1959. | |
| kpf | Komba | 15,000 (2000 SIL). | Morobe Province, Kabwum District. Selepet language to the northwest, Timbe language to the west, Saruwaget Mountains to the south, Cromwell Mountains to the east. | East Komba, Central Komba, West Central Komba, Border Komba, West Komba. | Vigorous. All domains. Komba and Tok Pisin used in church, songs. Positive language attitude. 60% know some Tok Pisin, 50% know some English. English used in school. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1980. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1980. | |
| kpi | Kofei | 100 (2000 Wurm). | East side of Geelvink Bay, recently moved to Sauri-Sirami village. There may be more living seminomadically in the interior. | Lexical similarity 67% with Barapasi, 64% with Demisa, 76% with Sauri, 63% with Woria. | Vigorous. All domains. Komba and Tok Pisin used in church, songs. Positive language attitude. 60% know some Tok Pisin, 50% know some English. English used in school. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1980. | Literacy rate in first language: 40%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1980. | |
| kpj | Karajá | 1,700 (1995 SIL). Population includes 383 Javaé (1986 SIL). | Goiás, Pará, Mato Grosso, Araguaia River, Bananal Island, and Tocantins. | Javaé (Javahe). Men and women speak different dialects. | Vigorous. All domains. Komba and Tok Pisin used in church, songs. Positive language attitude. 60% know some Tok Pisin, 50% know some English. English used in school. | Literacy rate in second language: 70%. Grammar. NT: 1983. | Literacy rate in second language: 70%. Grammar. NT: 1983. | |
| kpk | Kpan | 11,386 (2000 WCD). | Taraba State, Wukari, Takum, and Sardauna LGAs, Kato Bagha, Wukari, Suntai, Gayan, Gindin Dutse, Likam. | Bissaula, Kumbo (Kpanzon), Takum, Donga (Akpanzhi), Apa, Kente (Kentu, Kyentu, Etkye), Eregba. Related to Icen. | The Bissaula dialect is extinct. | Literacy rate in second language: 70%. Grammar. NT: 1983. | Literacy rate in second language: 70%. Grammar. NT: 1983. | |
| kpm | Koho | 128,723 in Viet Nam (1999 census). | Lam Dòng, Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan and Khanh Hoa provinces. Also spoken in USA. | Chil (Kil), Tring (Trinh), Sre, Kalop, Sop, Laya, Rion, Nop (Xre Nop, Tu-Lop), Tala (To La), Kodu (Co-Don), Pru, Lac (Lat, Lach). | The Bissaula dialect is extinct. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1967. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1967. | |
| kpn | Kepkiriwát | Extinct. | Rôndonia, formerly on the Pimenta Bueno River. | Chil (Kil), Tring (Trinh), Sre, Kalop, Sop, Laya, Rion, Nop (Xre Nop, Tu-Lop), Tala (To La), Kodu (Co-Don), Pru, Lac (Lat, Lach). | The Bissaula dialect is extinct. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1967. | Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 50% to 75%. NT: 1967. | |
| kpo | Ikposo | 7,500 in Ghana (2003). | Southern. | Amou Oblou, Ikponu, Iwi (Uwi), Litime (Badou), Logbo, Uma. | Positive language attitude. Speakers have some proficiency in Éwé. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Community-sponsored vernacular literacy materials are available. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Community-sponsored vernacular literacy materials are available. | |
| kpp | Karen, Paku | 5,300 (1983). | Southern hills east of Taungoo in Kayah State. | Bilichi, Dermuha. Close to S'gaw. Some reports indicate Paku and Mopwa are separate languages. | Positive language attitude. Speakers have some proficiency in Éwé. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Community-sponsored vernacular literacy materials are available. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Community-sponsored vernacular literacy materials are available. | |
| kpq | Korupun-Sela | 8,000 (1996 E. Young). | Eastern highlands on upper reaches of Erok River, southwest of Nalca, east of Yali of Ninia, Jayawijaya District, Kurima Region. | Korupun (Duram), Dagi, Sisibna (Gobugdua), Deibula, Sela. Related to Nalca. Lexical similarity 60% to Nipsan. | Used in religious services. Bilingual level estimates for Nipsan: 0 98%, 1 0%, 2 0%, 3 0%, 4 1.5%, 5 .5%. | Bible portions: 1980–1985. | Bible portions: 1980–1985. | |
| kpr | Korafe | 3,625 (2003 SIL). Population includes 2,755 in Korafe dialect and 850 in Yegha dialect living in the area. | Oro Province, Tufi District, on the headlands (fiord system) of Cape Nelson. | Korafe, Yegha (Yega, Mokorua). Yega dialect is distinct from Gona, also called 'Yega'. Gaina may also be a dialect. Lexical similarity 56% to 61% with Baruga (closest), 50% with Ewage dialect of Ewage Notu (Dutton 1971). | Some also use English, Tok Pisin, or Hiri Motu. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Grammar. NT: 1984. | Literacy rate in first language: 75% to 100%. Literacy rate in second language: 75% to 100%. Grammar. NT: 1984. | |
| kps | Tehit | 10,000 (2000 R. Hesse). 500 monolinguals. | Southwest Bird's Head, Kabupaten Sorong, most of Kecamatan Teminabuan and half of Kecamatan Sawiat, about 31 villages. | Tehit Jit, Mbol Fle, Saifi, Imyan, Sfa Riere, Fkar, Sawiat Salmeit. Closest to Kalabra. Lexical similarity 60% with Kalabra. | Vigorous. In interior villages parents pass Tehit on to children. For villages bordering town, they speak Indonesian to children. People from bordering languages that interact in both languages learn Tehit. All domains. Some oral use in schools, religious services, labor relations, traditional oral literature. Positive language attitude. 5% monolingual. Others speak Indonesian or Maibrat. 1% speak Dutch or English. Schools are taught in Indonesian, although most teachers speak Tehit. Indonesian is the trade language. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | |
| kpt | Karata | 5,000 (1990). Ethnic population: 5,000 (1990 A. E. Kibrik). | Southern Dagestan ASSR. | Tokita (Tokitin), Anchix. Karatin and Tokitin are quite different. | Used in the home. 30% to 50% of children speak Karata. Positive language attitude. Avar is used as the literary language. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | |
| kpu | Kafoa | 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 1,000. | Southwest Alor Island, north of Aluben, between Abui and Kelong languages. | Tokita (Tokitin), Anchix. Karatin and Tokitin are quite different. | Used in the home. 30% to 50% of children speak Karata. Positive language attitude. Avar is used as the literary language. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | Literacy rate in first language: 5%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Taught in primary schools. | |
| kpv | Komi-Zyrian | 262,200 (1993 UBS). Ethnic population: 345,000. | Komi ASSR, 60' N. Lat., nearly to the Arctic Ocean. South of Yurak, west of the Vogul (Mansi) peoples. Capital is Syktywkar. | Yazva. Lexical similarity 80% with Komi-Permyak and Udmurt. | Komi is used in the Institute for Language and Literature of the Komi branch of the Academy of Science. Some use Nenets in the north. Russian is also used. | NT: 1979. | NT: 1979. | |
| kpw | Kobon | 6,000 (1991 SIL). | Madang Province, Middle Ramu District, and Western Highlands Province on Kaironk River in lower Jimi River area north of Mt. Hagen. | Yazva. Lexical similarity 80% with Komi-Permyak and Udmurt. | Komi is used in the Institute for Language and Literature of the Komi branch of the Academy of Science. Some use Nenets in the north. Russian is also used. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Grammar. Bible portions: 1988. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 15%. Literacy rate in second language: 5% to 15%. Grammar. Bible portions: 1988. | |
| kpx | Koiali, Mountain | 1,700 (1975 SIL). 50% monolingual. | Central Province, Port Moresby District, north of Koita, Koiari, and Barai. One village is Efogi. | Lexical similarity 50% to 57% with Grass Koiari (closest). | Speakers also use Motu. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Grammar. NT: 1981. | Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Grammar. NT: 1981. | |
| kpy | Koryak | 3,500 (1997 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 7,000. | Koryak National Okrug, south of the Chukot; northern half of Kamchatka Peninsula and adjacent continent. | Cavcuvenskij (Chavchuven), Apokinskij (Apukin), Kamenskij (Kamen), Xatyrskij, Paren, Itkan, Palan, Gin. Chavchuven, Palan, and Kamen are apparently not inherently intelligible. | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Taught in school. Dictionary. Grammar. | Taught in school. Dictionary. Grammar. | |
| kpz | Kupsabiny | 120,000 (1994 UBS). | Eastern border area slightly north of Mbale, Sebei Province. | Sabiny (Sapiny, Kupsabiny, Kupsapiny), Mbai, Sor. | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Literacy campaigns. Radio programs. NT: 1996. | Literacy campaigns. Radio programs. NT: 1996. | |
| kqa | Mum | 3,286 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). | Madang Province. | Related to Sileibi. | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | Literacy rate in first language: 5% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. | |
| kqb | Kovai | 4,500 (1991 SIL). | Morobe Province, Siassi District, Umboi or Rooke Island, 12 villages. | Related to Sileibi. | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Bible portions: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Bible portions: 1993. | |
| kqc | Doromu | 1,600 (2002 SIL). | Central Province, south of Mt. Obree, west of Mt. Brown. | Kokila, Koriko, Koki (Doromu). Lexical similarity 63% with Maria (closest). | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Bible portions: 1993. | Literacy rate in first language: 15% to 25%. Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%. Bible portions: 1993. | |
| kqd | Koy Sanjaq Surat | 800 to 1,000 (1995 H. Mutzafi). | Northern Iraq, town of Koi-Sanjaq, and nearby village of Armota. | Related in certain morphological and lexical respects to Senaya. | 30% to 50% of the ethnic group speaks Koryak. Few key domains. A few children speak Koryak. Neutral to mildly supportive attitude toward Koryak. Speakers also use Russian. | Syriac script. | Syriac script. | |
| kqe | Kalagan | 21,402 (1990 census). | Along east and west shores of Davao Gulf in Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental. | Isamal, Piso, Tumuaong, Lactan. Piso dialect may be the prestige dialect. Piso has 91% intelligibility of Kagan; 65% intelligibility of Tagakaulu, 92% intelligibility of Mansaka. Piso has 72% lexical similarity with Kagan, 74% lexical similarity with Mansaka; 83% lexical similarity with Sangab Mandaya. | A population sample scored 87% on Cebuano narrative text. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kqg | Khe | 1,300 in Burkina Faso (1983 SIL). | Near the Dogose, Khisa, and Dogoso. Villages are Noumoukiedougou, Tiébata, Moromoro, Boli, Sessagbo, and Lobo. Also spoken in Côte d'Ivoire. | Lexical similarity 56% with Dogoso (Bambadion-Dogoso), 14% with Dogosé, 13% with Khisa. | A population sample scored 87% on Cebuano narrative text. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kqh | Kisankasa | 4,670 (1987). | Near the Dogose, Khisa, and Dogoso. Villages are Noumoukiedougou, Tiébata, Moromoro, Boli, Sessagbo, and Lobo. Also spoken in Côte d'Ivoire. | A distinct language from others called "Dorobo": Aramanik, Mediak, Mosiro. See also Aasax. | Speakers have limited comprehension of other languages. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kqi | Koitabu | 2,700 (2000 Wurm). | Central Province, around Port Moresby. | West Koita, East Koita. Lexical similarity 60% to 65% with Grass Koiari (closest). | Bilingual level estimates for Hiri Motu: 0 33%, 1 10%, 2 20%, 3 20%, 4 13%, 5 4%; Motu: 0 80%, 1 5%, 2 5%, 3 5%, 4 5%, 5 0%. Some also use Hiri Motu, Motu, Tok Pisin, or English. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kqj | Koromira | 1,562 (1990 SIL). Population includes 1,448 Koromira and 114 Koianu. | Bougainville Province, Kieta District, central mountains and southeast coast. | Koromira, Koianu. | Bilingual level estimates for Hiri Motu: 0 33%, 1 10%, 2 20%, 3 20%, 4 13%, 5 4%; Motu: 0 80%, 1 5%, 2 5%, 3 5%, 4 5%, 5 0%. Some also use Hiri Motu, Motu, Tok Pisin, or English. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kqk | Gbe, Kotafon | 100,000 (2002 SIL). | Mono Province, the main area is the subprefectures of Lokassa and Athieme. There are some villages in the Bopa Subprefecture north and south of Bopa along Lake Aheme. There are also a few Kotafon communities in the Grand Popo Subprefecture, north of Grand-Popo. | A member of the Gbe language cluster. Lexical similarity 82% with Gbe Ayizo, 81% with Fon, 69% with Gen, 65% with Aja. | All domains except where external pressures require use of other language. French in schools and some government offices. Churches use mostly Gen, some use French, Gun, Éwé, or Fon. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | Literacy rate in first language: 80%. Literacy rate in second language: 80%. | |
| kql | Kyenele | 1,253 (2003 SIL). | East Sepik Province, Giling village, Yuat River. | A member of the Gbe language cluster. Lexical similarity 82% with Gbe Ayizo, 81% with Fon, 69% with Gen, 65% with Aja. | All domains except where external pressures require use of other language. French in schools and some government offices. Churches use mostly Gen, some use French, Gun, Éwé, or Fon. | Bible portions: 1994. | Bible portions: 1994. | |
| kqm | Khisa | 3,000 in Burkina Faso (1991 SIL). | Comoé Province, around Mangodara Prefecture, in southwest Burkina Faso near the Côte d'Ivoire border. 25 villages. | Speakers say they can understand Kaansa after a time. Also reported to be Senoufo. Lexical similarity 82% with Dogosé, 72% with Kpatogo, 71% with Kaansa, 16% with Dogoso, 13% with Khe. | Quite bilingual in Jula. The people in Dabokiri village have shifted to Jula. | Bible portions: 1994. | Bible portions: 1994. | |
| kqo | Krahn, Eastern | 47,000 (1991 L. Vanderaa CRC). Population includes 20,000 Tchien (1992 UBS). | Northeast near Côte d'Ivoire border. | Gorbo, Kanneh, Konobo, Tchien (Chiehn). Minimal intelligibility between some dialects and Twabo. Distinct from Western Krahn, Sapo, and Central Guéré. Lexical similarity 93% between Gorbo and Kanneh, 87% between Gorbo and Konobo. | Quite bilingual in Jula. The people in Dabokiri village have shifted to Jula. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | |
| kqp | Kimré | 15,000 (1990 census). Population includes 700 Tchere-Aïba. | Southwest Chad, Tandjilé Prefecture, Kélo Subprefecture, east of Laï, including Tchere-Aïba village. | Kimruwa (Kim-Ruwa, Kimré), Buruwa (Bordo), Tchire (Tchere-Aïba). Popularly called 'Gabri', but it is not intelligible with Gabri. | Quite bilingual in Jula. The people in Dabokiri village have shifted to Jula. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | |
| kqq | Krenak | 80 (1989 SIL). | Left margin of Doce River, on reservations in east São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Paraná. | Kimruwa (Kim-Ruwa, Kimré), Buruwa (Bordo), Tchire (Tchere-Aïba). Popularly called 'Gabri', but it is not intelligible with Gabri. | Speakers also use Portuguese. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | Bible portions: 1953–1994. | |
| kqr | Kimaragang | 10,000 (1987 SIL). Population includes 6,000 Tandek, 2,000 Sonsogon. | Kota Marudu and Pitas districts. | Tandek (Garo), Pitas Kimaragang, Sandayo, Sonsogon. Dandun is somewhat different. Intelligibility of Sandayo with other dialects needs testing. | Speakers also use Portuguese. | Bible portions: 1996. | Bible portions: 1996. | |
| kqs | Kissi, Northern | 40,000 in Sierra Leone (1991 LBT). | South central, Kissidougou Region. Also spoken in Sierra Leone. | Liaro, Kama, Teng, Tung. | Speakers also use Krio or Mende. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | |
| kqt | Kadazan, Klias River | 1,000 (1984 SIL). | Klias River area, Beaufort District. | Low intelligibility of Coastal Kadazan. Lexical similarity 77% with Tatana. | Speakers also use Krio or Mende. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | |
| kqu | Seroa | Extinct. | Also was in Lesotho. | !Gã!nge (!Gã!ne), ||Ku||e. Had three dialects. | Speakers also use Krio or Mende. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | |
| kqv | Okolod | 1,578 in Malaysia (2000 WCD). Population includes 1,000 in Sarawak, 100 to 200 in Sabah. | Sabah southwest of Tenom and Sipitang districts on some of the plantation estates and some along the headwaters of the Padas River. Primarily in Sarawak and Kalimantan, Indonesia. | Lexical similarity 82% with Okolod of Sabah, 70% with Pensiangan Murut (Tagal), 34% with Lundayeh. | Speakers also use Krio or Mende. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | |
| kqx | Mser | 500 in Cameroon (2004 SIL). | West, Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture, N'Djaména Subprefecture, Cameroon border near N'Djaména. | Mser (Kousseri, Msir), Kalo (Kalakafra), Gawi, Houlouf, Kabe. | The people of Klesem village no longer speak Mser. The majority also use Chadian Arabic or Kanuri. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | Literacy rate in second language: 10% in French. Literacy materials taught in school. Grammar. NT: 1966–1986. | |
| kqy | Koorete | 103,879. 84,388 monolinguals (1998 census). About 60 Harro families in Harro village on Gidicho (Gidicció) Island. Ethnic population: 107,595 (1998 census). | In the Amaro mountains east of Lake Abaya, Sidama Region. | Lexical similarity 54% with Dorze, 53% with Wolaytta, 52% with Gofa, 49% with Gamo, 48% with Kullo, 45% with Male. | 2,371 second-language speakers. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 24.1%. Bible portions: 1999–2001. | Literacy rate in first language: below 1%. Literacy rate in second language: 24.1%. Bible portions: 1999–2001. | |
| kqz | Korana | Extinct. Ethnic population: 10,000 in South Africa (1972 Barrett). | Western. Possibly also Botswana. | Lexical similarity 54% with Dorze, 53% with Wolaytta, 52% with Gofa, 49% with Gamo, 48% with Kullo, 45% with Male. | 2,371 second-language speakers. | Bible: 1933. | Bible: 1933. |
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